Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes.
Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00253-015-7233-6
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Vilcinskas A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Degenkolb T;Vilcinskas A
据估计，植物寄生线虫每年给全球造成的损失超过1000亿美元。由于对杀线虫剂的非特异性作用机制及其潜在毒性和可能造成环境破坏的担忧，在过去25年中，已登记的杀线虫剂数量大幅减少。因此，迫切需要对环境有益和廉价的化学品替代品，这些替代品不会影响脊椎动物、作物和其他非目标生物。噬线虫真菌是线虫寄生虫的天然拮抗剂，为新的生物防治策略提供了生态生理学来源。在这篇由两部分组成的综述文章的第一部分，我们讨论了在噬线虫子囊菌中发现的83种杀线虫和非杀线虫的初级和次级代谢物。其中一些物质表现出杀线虫活性，即寡孢素、4′、5′-二氢寡孢素、嗜热蛋白A和B、硫丙内酯、金虫素D和F、吡啶羧酸衍生物paeciloxazine和亮氨酸抑制素。Blumenol A作为线虫引诱剂。其他物质，如节孢素和异孢素，在生产者的生命周期中起决定性作用，调节生殖或捕获器官的形成。最后，我们考虑了这些有益生物在植物保护策略中的潜在应用。
Plant-parasitic nematodes are estimated to cause global annual losses of more than US$ 100 billion. The number of registered nematicides has declined substantially over the last 25 years due to concerns about their non-specific mechanisms of action and hence their potential toxicity and likelihood to cause environmental damage. Environmentally beneficial and inexpensive alternatives to chemicals, which do not affect vertebrates, crops, and other non-target organisms, are therefore urgently required. Nematophagous fungi are natural antagonists of nematode parasites, and these offer an ecophysiological source of novel biocontrol strategies. In this first section of a two-part review article, we discuss 83 nematicidal and non-nematicidal primary and secondary metabolites found in nematophagous ascomycetes. Some of these substances exhibit nematicidal activities, namely oligosporon, 4′,5′-dihydrooligosporon, talathermophilins A and B, phomalactone, aurovertins D and F, paeciloxazine, a pyridine carboxylic acid derivative, and leucinostatins. Blumenol A acts as a nematode attractant. Other substances, such as arthrosporols and paganins, play a decisive role in the life cycle of the producers, regulating the formation of reproductive or trapping organs. We conclude by considering the potential applications of these beneficial organisms in plant protection strategies.