Not all risks are created equal: A twin study and meta-analyses of risk taking across seven domains.
Not all risks are created equal: A twin study and meta-analyses of risk taking across seven domains.
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000225
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发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
X. T. Wang;R. Zheng;Yan-Hua Xuan;Jie Chen;Shu Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
X. T. Wang;R. Zheng;Yan-Hua Xuan;Jie Chen;Shu Li
人类通常会处理传统和新的风险。不同类型的风险一直是进化适应和个人发展的驱动力。本研究探讨了遗传和环境因素对人类不同任务领域的风险行为的影响。我们的方法有三个方面。首先，我们整合了几个领域特定的风险承担倾向的量表，并开发了一个综合量表，包括以下7个领域的进化典型和现代风险：合作/竞争，安全，繁殖，自然/物理风险，道德风险，金融风险和赌博。其次，我们进行了一项双胞胎研究，使用该量表来估计基因和环境对这7个领域中每个领域的风险承担的贡献。第三，我们对7个风险领域的现有双胞胎研究进行了一系列荟萃分析。结果表明，个体风险承担倾向的差异及其跨领域的一致性主要受加性遗传影响和个体独特的环境经历的调节。荟萃分析的遗传率估计值范围从29%的金融风险承担到55%的安全性。支持风险领域特异性的概念，7个领域之间的行为和遗传相关性普遍较低。在相对较少的风险领域之间的相关性，我们的分析揭示了一个共同的遗传因素，调节道德，金融和自然/物理风险承担。这是第一次在一项研究中将遗传和环境对多个领域风险承担的影响分开，并通过在不同任务领域进行的一系列荟萃分析整合现有双胞胎研究的结果。（PsycINFO数据库记录
Humans routinely deal with both traditional and novel risks. Different kinds of risks have been a driving force for both evolutionary adaptations and personal development. This study explored the genetic and environmental influences on human risk taking in different task domains. Our approach was threefold. First, we integrated several scales of domain-specific risk-taking propensity and developed a synthetic scale, including both evolutionarily typical and modern risks in the following 7 domains: cooperation/competition, safety, reproduction, natural/physical risk, moral risk, financial risk, and gambling. Second, we conducted a twin study using the scale to estimate the contributions of genes and environment to risk taking in each of these 7 domains. Third, we conducted a series of meta-analyses of extant twin studies across the 7 risk domains. The results showed that individual differences in risk-taking propensity and its consistency across domains were mainly regulated by additive genetic influences and individually unique environmental experiences. The heritability estimates from the meta-analyses ranged from 29% in financial risk taking to 55% in safety. Supporting the notion of risk-domain specificity, both the behavioral and genetic correlations among the 7 domains were generally low. Among the relatively few correlations between pairs of risk domains, our analysis revealed a common genetic factor that regulates moral, financial, and natural/physical risk taking. This is the first effort to separate genetic and environmental influences on risk taking across multiple domains in a single study and integrate the findings of extant twin studies via a series of meta-analyses conducted in different task domains. (PsycINFO Database Record