SEXUAL DICHROMATISM IN BIRDS: IMPORTANCE OF NEST PREDATION AND NEST LOCATION FOR FEMALES VERSUS MALES
SEXUAL DICHROMATISM IN BIRDS: IMPORTANCE OF NEST PREDATION AND NEST LOCATION FOR FEMALES VERSUS MALES
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鸟类的性二色性：雌性与雄性的巢穴捕食和巢穴位置的重要性
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03631.x
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
A. Badyaev
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. E. Martin;A. Badyaev
对鸟类羽毛二色性变异的研究主要集中在雄性羽毛亮度上，而在很大程度上忽略了雌性羽毛亮度的变异。以前，基于一种错误的假设，即地面筑巢的鸟巢捕食更大，因此得出结论认为，筑巢行为会限制雄性的智商，从而减少地面筑巢鸟类的二形性。羽毛亮度和二色性与鸟巢捕食的相关性从来没有被直接测试过，我们在这里用林莺(Parulinae)和雀科(Carduelinae)的数据进行了测试。我们发现雄鸟的羽毛亮度随巢穴高度的不同而不同，但其模式与巢穴捕食无关。雌鸟的羽毛亮度也随着巢的高度而变化，但模式与雄鸟不同，其中雌鸟羽毛亮度的变化与巢的捕食呈负相关。这些结果表明，巢的捕食可能对雌性比雄性羽毛的亮度造成更大的限制，至少在只有雌性孵化卵和孵化幼鸟的分类群中是这样。这些结果还表明，雌性羽毛图案的变化至少部分独立于雄性羽毛图案，并强调在羽毛二型性测试中需要考虑到雌性和雄性羽毛的差异。如前所述，羽毛二型性在地面和地面外筑巢的鸟儿之间是不同的，如果说有什么不同的话，那就是羽毛二型性与巢穴捕食之间的关系是积极的，而不是像之前所说的那样是消极的。
Examinations of variation in plumage dichromatism in birds have focused on male plumage brightness and largely neglected variation in female plumage brightness. Nest predation previously was concluded to constrain male brightness and thereby reduce dimorphism in ground‐nesting birds based on an incorrect assumption that nest predation is greater for ground nests. Correlations of plumage brightness and dichromatism with nest predation have never been tested directly and we do so here with data for warblers (Parulinae) and finches (Carduelinae). We show that male plumage brightness varies among nest heights, but in a pattern that is not correlated with nest predation. Female plumage brightness also varies among nest heights, but in a pattern that differs from males, and one in which variation in female plumage brightness was negatively correlated with nest predation. These results suggest that nest predation may place greater constraints on female than male plumage brightness, at least in taxa where only females incubate eggs and brood young. These results also show that female plumage patterns vary at least partly independently of male patterns and emphasize the need to include consideration of both female and male plumage variation in tests of plumage dimorphism. Plumage dimorphism differs between ground and off‐ground nesters as previously described and, if anything, the relationship between plumage dimorphism and nest predation was positive rather than negative as previously argued.