Chronic effects of temperature and nitrate pollution on Daphnia magna: Is this cladoceran suitable for widespread use as a tertiary treatment?
Chronic effects of temperature and nitrate pollution on Daphnia magna: Is this cladoceran suitable for widespread use as a tertiary treatment?
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温度和硝酸盐污染对大型溞的慢性影响：这种枝角动物是否适合广泛用作三级处理？
DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.036
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Maceda-Veiga A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maceda-Veiga A
废水净化和消毒是废水管理中的主要挑战。枝角类大型蚤（Daphnia magna）被认为是一种具有成本效益和生态系统友好的选择，用于澄清和消毒二级污水，但其功效尚未在不同污水条件下得到充分测试。本研究探讨了温度和硝酸盐在两个不同尺度（个体测定和微观环境）上对大型蚤三级处理效果的影响。采用单独的试验来确定温度和/或硝酸盐对在有机物质悬浮液中培养的大花石斛的直接影响。利用相同环境条件下的微宇宙，我们探讨了大型蚤与自然微生物群落相互作用的清除功效。个体测定显示，在26 °C下，大型杜氏藻死亡率增加17%，在>250 mg NO3−/l时增加21%，在26 °C和>250 mg NO3−/l时增加60%，与21 °C和<40 mg NO3 −/l时相比，个体显示出较小的体型，过滤率和繁殖力。在这些条件下的性能改善也反映在微观世界中，与26 °C和/或>250 mg NO3 −/l的数量（0-21 ind/l）相比，21 °C和<40 mg NO3 −/l的大型蚤密度更高（>100 ind/l）。在21 °C和<40 mg NO3−/l的微宇宙中，细菌、原生生物和微型后生动物的浊度和密度相对于26 °C和/或>250 mg NO3−/l的微宇宙有所下降。每个处理都形成了独特的微生物群落，大型蚤是原生动物和微型后生动物群落结构的主要驱动力。这使我们能够确定分类群的脆弱性D. magnagrazing，并重新定义其耐受阈值硝酸盐。总之，这项研究增加了我们对微生物如何应对温度和硝酸盐污染的认识，并强调了大型D. magna作为三级处理的功效可能会受到可变环境条件的严重影响。
Effluent clarification and disinfection are major challenges in wastewater management. The cladoceranDaphnia magnahas been proposed as a cost-effective and ecosystem-friendly option to clarify and disinfect secondary effluents, but its efficacy has not been fully tested under different sewage conditions. The present study explores the effects of temperature and nitrate on the efficacy ofD. magnaas a tertiary treatment at two different scales (individual assays and microcosms). Individual assays were employed to determine direct effects of temperature and/or nitrate onD. magnacultured in a suspension of organic matter. Using microcosms under the same environmental conditions, we explored the clearing efficacy ofD. magnainteracting with a natural microbial community. Individual assays revealed thatD. magnamortality increased by 17% at 26 °C, 21% at >250 mg NO3−/l and by 60% at 26 °C and at >250 mg NO3−/l, and individuals displayed reduced body size, filtering rates and fecundity when compared to those at 21 °C and <40 mg NO3−/l. Improved performance under these conditions was also mirrored in the microcosms, with a higher density ofD. magna(>100 ind/l) at 21 °C and <40 mg NO3−/l compared to the number (0–21 ind/l) at 26 °C and/or >250 mg NO3−/l. In the microcosms at 21 °C and <40 mg NO3−/l, turbidity and the density of bacteria, protists and micro-metazoa decreased in relation to those at 26 °C and/or >250 mg NO3−/l. Each treatment developed a unique and characteristic microbial assemblage, andD. magnawas identified as the major driver of the community structure of protists and micro-metazoa. This enabled us to determine taxa vulnerability toD. magnagrazing, and to re-define their tolerance thresholds for nitrate. In conclusion, this study increases our knowledge of how microbes respond to temperature and nitrate pollution, and highlights thatD. magnaefficacy as a tertiary treatment can be seriously compromised by variable environmental conditions.
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