Urban Heat Islands during Heat Waves: A Comparative Study between Boston and Phoenix
Urban Heat Islands during Heat Waves: A Comparative Study between Boston and Phoenix
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DOI：
10.1175/jamc-d-20-0132.1
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Liang Wang;Dan Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liang Wang;Dan Li
在这项研究中，我们模拟了城市热岛（UHI）在热浪（HWs）在两个城市的对比气候（波士顿，马萨诸塞州，凤凰城，亚利桑那州）使用天气研究和预报（WRF）模型和量化的驱动程序与新开发的归因方法。白天，波士顿出现了一次地面UHI（SUHI），其主要原因是城市较高的地表阻力减少了潜热通量，而较高的空气动力阻力ra抑制了城市地表与低层大气之间的对流换热。相比之下，白天的表面城市冷岛被发现在凤凰城，这主要是由于较低的城市ra，有利于对流传热。在近地面空气UHI（AUHI）方面，这两个城市几乎没有白天的AUHI。晚上，在波士顿发现了SUHI和AUHI，这是由于城市地区的热储存释放更强。相比之下，凤凰城较低的城市ra增强了夜间从大气到城市表面的对流热传递，导致正SUHI，但没有AUHI。我们的研究强调，UHIs或城市冷岛的大小是强烈控制的城乡差异，在空气动力学特征，植被和水分条件，热储存，在不同地区表现出对比鲜明的特点。
In this study, we simulate the magnitude of urban heat islands (UHIs) during heat wave (HWs) in two cities with contrasting climates (Boston, Massachusetts, and Phoenix, Arizona) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and quantify their drivers with a newly developed attribution method. During the daytime, a surface UHI (SUHI) is found in Boston, which is mainly caused by the higher urban surface resistance that reduces the latent heat flux and the higher urban aerodynamic resistance ra that inhibits convective heat transfer between the urban surface and the lower atmosphere. In contrast, a daytime surface urban cool island is found in Phoenix, which is mainly due to the lower urban ra that facilitates convective heat transfer. In terms of near-surface air UHI (AUHI), there is almost no daytime AUHI in either city. At night, an SUHI and an AUHI are identified in Boston that are due to the stronger release of heat storage in urban areas. In comparison, the lower urban ra in Phoenix enhances convective heat transfer from the atmosphere to the urban surface at night, leading to a positive SUHI but no AUHI. Our study highlights that the magnitude of UHIs or urban cool islands is strongly controlled by urban–rural differences in terms of aerodynamic features, vegetation and moisture conditions, and heat storage, which show contrasting characteristics in different regions.