Emotional valence and the functions of autobiographical memories: Positive and negative memories serve different functions
Emotional valence and the functions of autobiographical memories: Positive and negative memories serve different functions
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DOI：
10.3758/mc.37.4.477
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Berntsen, Dorthe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rasmussen, Anne S.;Berntsen, Dorthe
积极和消极的自传体记忆之间的差异经常被解释为假设的进化功能。一般认为自传体记忆具有指导性、自我性和社会性功能。然而，情绪效价与这三种功能之间的关系却从未被研究过。在研究1中，参与者产生的记忆映射到三个功能中的每一个。指令性记忆以负性情绪为主，而自我和社会记忆则以正性情绪为主。在研究2中，参与者产生了他们最积极和最消极的记忆，以及他们最频繁的非自愿和最生动的闪光灯记忆，这三个功能通过评级量表问题进行测量。在所有记忆类别中，定向功能的评分最低，但与研究1的结果一致，积极记忆在自我和社会功能上的评分较高，而消极记忆在定向功能上的评分较高。
Differences between positive and negative autobiographical memories are often explained with reference to hypothesized evolutionary functions. Generally, it has been proposed that autobiographical memory serves directive, self-, and social functions. However, the relationship between emotional valence and the three functions has never been studied. In Study 1, participants generated memories that mapped onto each of the three functions. Directive memories were dominated by negative emotion, whereas self- and social memories were dominated by positive emotion. In Study 2, participants generated their most positive and most negative memories, as well as their most frequent involuntary and most vivid flashbulb memories, and the three functions were measured through rating-scale questions. The directive function had the lowest ratings across all memory classes, but, consistent with the results of Study 1, positive memories were rated higher on the self- and social functions, whereas negative memories were rated higher on the directive function.