Biomass and productivity of trematode parasites in pond ecosystems.
Biomass and productivity of trematode parasites in pond ecosystems.
复制标题
池塘生态系统中吸虫寄生虫的生物量和生产力。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Pieter T. J. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Preston;Sarah A Orlofske;Jason P. Lambden;Pieter T. J. Johnson
1.生态学家经常测量生物的生物量和生产力，以了解种群和群落在生态系统能量流动中的重要性。尽管这类研究在推进淡水生态方面发挥了核心作用，但将寄生虫纳入淡水能量流动研究的努力很少。考虑到寄生虫有时在塑造群落结构和生态系统过程中发挥的作用，这一遗漏尤其重要。2.通过对1600多个水生无脊椎动物和两栖动物宿主的定量调查和解剖，我们计算了美国加利福尼亚州三个淡水池塘中吸虫寄生虫的生态系统级生物量和生产力以及自由生活的水生生物的生物量。3.钉螺和两栖幼虫是重要的中间吸虫宿主，在池塘自由生物的干生物量中占主导地位(蜗牛=3.2gm(-2)；两栖动物=3.1gm(-2))。平均33.5%的成熟钉螺感染6种吸虫分类群中的一种，相当于13只感染钉螺m(-2)池底的密度。每只感染钉螺体内宿主和寄生虫的总生物量的18%~33%由幼虫吸虫组织组成，占三个池塘内吸虫总生物量的87%。盛夏时吸虫的干生物量平均为0.10gm(-2)，等于或大于最丰富的昆虫目(鞘翅目=0.10gm(-2)，齿目=0.08gm(-2)，半翅目=0.07gm(-2)，短翅目=0.03gm(-2))。4.在盛夏，平均每个吸虫分类群产生14-1660个自由游动的幼虫(尾蚴)感染钉螺(-1)24小时(-1)。考虑到受感染的钉螺每年释放尾蚴3-4个月，池塘吸虫群落平均产生153mgm(-2)yr(-1)的干尾蚴生物量(范围=70-220mgm(-2)yr(-1))。5.我们的结果表明，在淡水池塘生态系统中，大量的能量通过吸虫寄生虫传递，它们对生态系统能量学的贡献可能超过许多已知在构建水生群落中起关键作用的自由生活的类群。
1. Ecologists often measure the biomass and productivity of organisms to understand the importance of populations and communities in the flow of energy through ecosystems. Despite the central role of such studies in the advancement of freshwater ecology, there has been little effort to incorporate parasites into studies of freshwater energy flow. This omission is particularly important considering the roles that parasites sometimes play in shaping community structure and ecosystem processes. 2. Using quantitative surveys and dissections of over 1600 aquatic invertebrate and amphibian hosts, we calculated the ecosystem-level biomass and productivity of trematode parasites alongside the biomass of free-living aquatic organisms in three freshwater ponds in California, USA. 3. Snails and amphibian larvae, which are both important intermediate trematode hosts, dominated the dry biomass of free-living organisms across ponds (snails = 3.2 g m(-2); amphibians = 3.1 g m(-2)). An average of 33.5% of mature snails were infected with one of six trematode taxa, amounting to a density of 13 infected snails m(-2) of pond substrate. Between 18% and 33% of the combined host and parasite biomass within each infected snail consisted of larval trematode tissue, which collectively accounted for 87% of the total trematode biomass within the three ponds. Mid-summer trematode dry biomass averaged 0.10 g m(-2), which was equal to or greater than that of the most abundant insect orders (coleoptera = 0.10 g m(-2), odonata = 0.08 g m(-2), hemiptera = 0.07 g m(-2) and ephemeroptera = 0.03 g m(-2)). 4. On average, each trematode taxon produced between 14 and 1660 free-swimming larvae (cercariae) infected snail(-1) 24 h(-1) in mid-summer. Given that infected snails release cercariae for 3-4 months a year, the pond trematode communities produced an average of 153 mg m(-2) yr(-1) of dry cercarial biomass (range = 70-220 mg m(-2) yr(-1)). 5. Our results suggest that a significant amount of energy moves through trematode parasites in freshwater pond ecosystems, and that their contributions to ecosystem energetics may exceed those of many free-living taxa known to play key roles in structuring aquatic communities.