Estimated costs of prescription opioid analgesic abuse in the United States in 2001 - A societal perspective
Estimated costs of prescription opioid analgesic abuse in the United States in 2001 - A societal perspective
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DOI：
10.1097/01.ajp.0000210915.80417.cf
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Katz, Nathaniel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birnbaum, Howard G.;White, Alan G.;Katz, Nathaniel P.
目的：本研究估计处方阿片类镇痛药（RxO）滥用给美国社会带来的成本。方法：将与RxO滥用相关的费用分为医疗保健、刑事司法和工作场所三类。估算成本的方法有两种：(1)数量法，即用各种国家调查得出的RxO滥用者人数乘以估计的每个滥用者成本，或(2)分摊法，从一个成本组成部分（如警察保护）的总体（即处方和非处方）药物滥用成本开始，并根据RxO滥用的普遍程度相对于总体药物滥用来分摊成本份额。超过其他类似的非滥用者的医疗费用是基于使用多元回归方法对就业人口的大型行政索赔数据库的分析得出的。结果：2001年美国RxO滥用成本的下限估计为86亿美元（或按2005年美元计算为95亿美元）。其中，26亿美元是医疗保健费用，14亿美元是刑事司法费用，46亿美元是工作场所费用。结论：RxO滥用的成本是一个巨大的经济负担。RxO滥用的上升趋势表明，未来几年美国的经济和公共卫生负担将不断加重，其他地方也可能如此。
Objectives: This study estimates the costs to society of prescription opioid analgesic (RxO) abuse in the United States.Methods: Costs associated with RxO abuse were grouped into healthcare, criminal justice, and workplace categories. Costs were estimated by either (1) a quantity method that multiplies the number of RxO abusers derived from various national surveys by the estimated per abuser cost, or (2) an apportionment method that starts with overall (ie, prescription and nonprescription) drug abuse costs for a cost component (eg, police protection) and apportions the share of costs based on the prevalence of RxO abuse relative to overall drug abuse. Medical costs in excess of those for otherwise similar nonabusers were based on an analysis of a large administrative claims database for an employed population using multivariate regression methods.Results: A lower bound estimate of the costs of RxO abuse in the United States was $8.6 billion in 2001 (or $9.5 billion in 2005 dollars). Of this amount, $2.6 billion were healthcare costs, $1.4 billion were criminal justice costs, and $4.6 billion were workplace costs.Conclusions: The costs of RxO abuse represent a substantial economic burden. Rising trends of RxO abuse suggest an escalating economic and public health burden in coming years in the United States, and potentially, elsewhere.