MICROSCOPIC CONSIDERATIONS - MOTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES
MICROSCOPIC CONSIDERATIONS - MOTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41770.x
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
KARINO, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOLDSMITH, HL;KARINO, T
本文研究了血管壁界面上发生的事件，以及它们如何受到循环和人工器官中存在的流动模式和流体机械应力的影响。它试图理解个体微粒和周围血浆水平上的现象，因为血栓形成和止血过程是从微观水平开始的。然而，血液中的细胞和液体运动是相当复杂的，因为每p1个血浆中悬浮着数百万个红细胞，这些红细胞在流动过程中不断相互作用。因此，任何对流动机制进行定量描述的尝试都变得非常困难。然而，事实证明，通过显微镜观察红细胞悬浮液内部的颗粒和悬浮流体运动，可以了解系统的整体流动行为。这种微流变学方法的悬浮液流动问题已经描述了以前，无论是在模型系统I-: $和红细胞悬浮液。3——“在目前的背景下，兴趣集中在红细胞之间的相互作用上，红细胞占全血细胞期的99%，以及它们如何影响数量少得多的血小板的路径，特别是那些靠近血管壁的血小板。”此外，本文将处理在分离流动区域中存在漩涡的血细胞行为。大量证据表明，动脉循环中的分叉、t型分支、弯曲和血管直径的改变与早期动脉粥样硬化的形成有关，随后血细胞与改变的血管壁的相互作用可导致血小板和血小板聚集物的粘附。这项工作代表了一系列的体外研究，在这些研究中，人类红细胞和血小板悬浮液在直径从60到1000 prn的刚性玻璃管中受到稳定或脉动的流动。这项技术包括通过高倍显微镜观察和拍摄单个细胞和其他小模型颗粒，并通过机械或液压移动安装有流管和输液注射器的平台来跟踪它们的流动。图3-5该方法的原理如图1所示。在红细胞的情况下，这些体外研究已经证明了小体的旋转、变形和向内径向迁移，这些现象本质上类似于在生物的高速电影显微光度研究中观察到的现象
This paper is concerned with the events occurring at the blood-vessel wall interface and how they are affected by the flow patterns and fluid mechanical stresses existing in the circulation and in artificial organs. It seeks to understand the phenomena at the level of the individual corpuscle and surrounding plasma because it is at the microscopic level that the processes of thrombosis and hemostasis begin. However, the cellular and fluid motions within the blood are rather complex, since there are millions of red cells suspended in every p1 of plasma, and these continually interact with each other during flow. Thus, any attempt to give a quantitative description of the mechanics of the flow becomes very difficult. Nevertheless, it has proved possible, by observing particle and suspcnding fluid motion through a microscope in the interior of red cell suspensions, to obtain an understanding of the overall flow behavior of the system. This microrheological approach to the problem of suspension flow has been described previously, both in model systems I-: $ and in suspensions of red cells. 3--" In the present context interest centers on the interactions between the erythrocytes, which constitute 99% by volume of the cellular phase in whole blood, and how these affect the paths of the far less numerous platelets, especially those close to the vessel wall. In addition, the paper will deal with blood cell behavior in a region of separated flow where a vortex exists. There is considerable evidence that bifurcations, T-branches, bends, and changes in vessel diameter in the arterial circulation, where flow separation can occur, are associated with the formation of early atheroma and that subsequent interactions of blood cells with the altered vessel wall can result in the adhesion of platelets and platelet aggregates.The work represents a series of in vifro studies in which human red cell and platelet suspensions were subjected to steady or pulsatile flow in rigid glass tubes of diameters from 60 to 1000 prn.'-G The technique involves observing and photographing individual cells and other small model particles through a highpower microscope and tracking them in the flow by mechanically or hydraulically moving a stage on which the flow tube and infusion syringe are mounted.: 3-5 The principle of the method is illustrated in FIGURE 1. In the case of red cells, these in vitro studies have demonstrated the rotation, deformation, and inward radial migration of the corpuscles, phenomena that are essentially similar to those observed in high-speed cine microphotometric studies of living