Moult habitat, pre- and post-moult diet and post-moult travel of Ross Sea emperor penguins
Moult habitat, pre- and post-moult diet and post-moult travel of Ross Sea emperor penguins
复制标题
罗斯海帝企鹅的换羽栖息地、换羽前后的饮食以及换羽后的旅行
DOI：
10.3354/meps267281
复制
发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Bengtson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Kooyman;D. Siniff;I. Stirling;J. Bengtson
在 RV 破冰船“Nathaniel B. Palmer”上，在穿越罗斯海东部浮冰的一系列横断面行程中，我们：(1) 评估了帝企鹅 (Aptenodytes forsteri) 为换羽选择的栖息地，(2) 确定了它们换羽前和换羽后的饮食，(3) 测量了鸟类换羽前后的体重，以及 (4) 跟踪了它们换羽后的运动。饮食是基于浮冰和固定冰区域边缘附近鸟粪的颜色。在沿横断面的位置对换羽前和换羽后的禽类进行称重。卫星发射器安装在 7 只鸟身上，跟踪时间长达 5 个月。鸟类在浓冰和沿海固定冰中换羽。近海陆架斜坡，主要以南极磷虾南极磷虾为食。货架上的食物主要是鱼和鱿鱼。刚换羽后的鸟类体重通常不足20公斤。换羽后，卫星跟踪的鸟类仍留在浮冰中，但以 13 至 41 km d -1 的速度向西移动。一只鸟前往罗杰角栖息地，经过 70 天和 2140 公里的飞行，于 4 月 15 日抵达那里。我们的结论是：（1）鸟类在换羽结束时接近饥饿，（2）换羽区域附近必须有充足的食物供应，（3）企鹅在返回罗斯海西部栖息地的途中要行驶2000多公里，（4）浮冰范围和季节性持续时间的减少将反映在南极洲西部沿海繁殖种群规模的快速变化中。
During a series of transect legs through the pack ice of the eastern Ross Sea, aboard the RV icebreaker 'Nathaniel B. Palmer', we: (1) assessed the habitat chosen for moulting by emperor penguins, Aptenodytes forsteri, (2) determined their pre- and post-moult diets, (3) measured the pre- and post-moult body mass of the birds, and (4) tracked their post-moult movements. Diet was based on the colour of guano near the edges of ice floes and fast-ice areas. Pre- and post-moult birds were weighed at locations along the transect. Satellite transmitters were attached to 7 birds, and tracked for up to 5 mo. Birds moulted in concentrated pack ice and coastal fast ice. Offshore from the shelf slope, diet was mostly Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Over the shelf, the diet was mainly fish and squid. Body masses of birds immediately after the moult were often less than 20 kg. After moult, satel- lite tracked birds remained in the pack ice but moved to the west at a rate of 13 to 41 km d -1 . One bird traveled to the Cape Roget colony, where it arrived on 15 April after 70 d and 2140 km of travel. We conclude that (1) birds are close to starvation by the end of the moult, (2) it is essential that an abun- dant food supply is in close proximity to the moult area, (3) penguins travel more than 2000 km on the return journey to their colonies of the western Ross Sea, and (4) reduction in the extent and seasonal duration of the pack ice would be reflected in a rapid change in the size of the breeding population of coastal west Antarctica.