Fetal and postnatal development of the adrenal glands in Macaca mulatta.
Fetal and postnatal development of the adrenal glands in Macaca mulatta.
复制标题
猕猴的胎儿和产后肾上腺发育。
DOI：
10.1095/biolreprod25.5.1079
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Walsh,SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McNulty,WP;Novy,MJ;Walsh,SW
猕猴内五分之四的胎儿和新生儿肾上腺皮质在多变形学上类似于人类肾上腺胎儿区。人类肾上腺胎儿区被认为在产后早期经历了戏剧性的崩溃，而恒河猴胎儿肾上腺的内区则缓慢地重塑为最终皮层。这种重塑伴随着产后2周内肾上腺重量减少三分之一，随后6个月体重保持稳定，之后恢复生长。临近分娩时，恒河猴胎儿带最外侧出现少量细胞质的小细胞群。在产后早期，这些组织在肾小球下合并成“致密带”。在出生后的最初几个月，束状带逐渐靠近髓质，束状带在其周围出现。该带中心的皮质细胞保持其胎儿模式；出生6个月后，延髓附近仍可见胎儿区残余。妊娠中期的胎儿垂体切除术（断头）或妊娠晚期母亲连续数周长期给药地塞米松可导致胎儿带发育不全和致密带和束状带的早熟形成。连续向两个胎儿输注促肾上腺皮质激素导致胎儿区肥大。ACTH可增加胎儿肾上腺重量（943和1149 mg，对照组298±27 mg），但胎儿斩首或地塞米松可降低胎儿肾上腺重量（分别为46±4 mg和87±13 mg）。因此，组织学评估的胎儿区大小与先前显示的胎儿产生硫酸脱氢表雄酮和雄烯二酮的程度是一致的，它们是胎盘生物合成雌激素的底物。这些数据表明1)胎儿区一直存在到m出生。Mulatta，出生后慢慢消失，没有大面积坏死；2)胎儿肾上腺形态的维持依赖于胎儿脑下垂体的功能。从胎儿到成人解剖结构的正常进化可能是ACTH循环水平降低或内区细胞对营养激素反应模式改变的结果。
The inner four-fifths of the fetal and newborn adrenal cortex inMacaca mulattamorphologically resembles the human adrenal fetal zone. The human adrenal fetal zone is thought to undergo a dramatic collapse in the early postpartum period, whereas the inner zone of the rhesus fetal adrenal is slowly remodeled into definitive cortex. This remodeling is accompanied by a loss of one-third of the weight of the adrenals in the first 2 weeks postpartum and then by weight constancy for 6 months, after which growth is resumed. Near parturition, groups of small cells with little cytoplasm appear in the outermost rhesus fetal zone. In the early postpartum period, these groups coalesce into a “dense band” beneath the glomerulosa. This band is found progressively nearer the medulla during the early months of postnatal life, and the zona fasciculata appears peripheral to it. The cortical cells central to this band retain their fetal pattern; remnants of the fetal zone are still visible adjacent to the medulla 6 months after birth.Fetal hypophysectomy (decapitation) at midgestation or chronic administration of dexamethasone to the mother for several weeks during the third trimester caused hypoplasia of the fetal zone and precocious formation of a dense band and a zona fasciculata. Continuous infusion of ACTH into two fetuses resulted in hypertrophy of the fetal zone. Fetal adrenal weights were increased by ACTH (943 and 1149 mg, compared with 298 ± 27 mg for controls), but they were decreased by fetal decapitation or dexamethasone (46 ± 4 mg and 87 ± 13 mg, respectively). Thus, there is concordance between the histologically assessed magnitude of the fetal zone and the previously shown extent of fetal production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and androstenedione, which are substrates for estrogen biosynthesis by the placenta.These data indicate that 1) the fetal zone is present until birth inM. mulatta, and it disappears slowly after birth, with no massive necrosis; and 2) the maintenance of fetal conformation of the adrenal glands depends on a functioning fetal pituitary gland. Normal evolution from a fetal to adult anatomical structure may be the consequence of a decreased circulating level of ACTH or a changing mode of response of the inner-zone cells to the trophic hormone.