Early Neolithic diet and animal husbandry: stable isotope evidence from three Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sites in Central Germany
Early Neolithic diet and animal husbandry: stable isotope evidence from three Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sites in Central Germany
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2010.08.027
复制
发表时间：
2011-02
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Vicky M. Oelze;A. Siebert;N. Nicklisch;H. Meller;Veit Dresely;K. Alt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vicky M. Oelze;A. Siebert;N. Nicklisch;H. Meller;Veit Dresely;K. Alt
新石器时代的 Linearbandkeramik (LBK) 首次出现在德国中部，发生在公元前 6 世纪。然而，尽管德国黄土地区的LBK遗址非常丰富，但利用生化方法重建第一批农民饮食的研究却很少。在这里，我们介绍了迄今为止对 LBK 材料进行的最大规模的研究，利用碳和氮的稳定同位素分析来重建人类饮食和畜牧策略。我们分析了来自德国中部易北河-萨勒河地区德伦堡、哈尔伯施塔特和卡尔斯多夫等地的 97 名人类个体和 45 只相关动物的骨胶原。成年人的 δ13C 平均值为 -19.9 ± 0.4‰，δ15N 平均值为 8.7 ± 0.8‰。 δ13C 值是陆地、温带欧洲地区的典型值，而 δ15N 值则落在由家畜和植物产品组成的混合饮食的农业社会的预期范围内。消费未发酵乳制品的可能性不大，因为其中一个地点有乳糖不耐症的直接古遗传学证据。没有明确的迹象表明性别之间的饮食差异。三岁以下的幼儿由于母乳喂养而富含 δ15N，这表明断奶可能发生在三岁左右。该动物群的 δ13C 平均值为 -20.9 ± 0.8‰，δ15N 平均值为 7.0 ± 0.9‰。家畜中 δ13C 和 δ15N 的变化可能是由不同的牲畜管理引起的。
The first appearance of the Neolithic Linearbandkeramik (LBK) in Central Germany occurred during the 6th millennium BC. However, though LBK sites are abundant in the German loess areas, there are only a few studies that reconstruct the diet of these first farmers using biochemical methods. Here we present the largest study undertaken to date on LBK material using stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen to reconstruct human diet and animal husbandry strategies. We analyzed the bone collagen of 97 human individuals and 45 associated animals from the sites of Derenburg, Halberstadt and Karsdorf in the Middle Elbe–Saale region of Central Germany. Mean adult human values are −19.9 ± 0.4‰ for δ13C and 8.7 ± 0.8‰ for δ15N. The δ13C values are typical for terrestrial, temperate European regions, whereas the δ15N values fall within an expected range for farming societies with a mixed diet consisting of products from domestic animals and plants. The consumption of unfermented dairy products is unlikely as there is direct palaeogenetic evidence of lactose intolerance available for one of the sites. There are no clear indications for dietary differences in sex. Young children under three years of age are enriched in δ15N due to breastfeeding indicating that weaning likely occurred around the age of three years. The fauna exhibit mean δ13C values of −20.9 ± 0.8‰ and mean δ15N values of 7.0 ± 0.9‰ respectively. Variation in the δ13C and δ15N in the domestic animals is probably caused by different livestock managements.