Pepper mild mottle virus in wastewater in Egypt: a potential indicator of wastewater pollution and the efficiency of the treatment process
Pepper mild mottle virus in wastewater in Egypt: a potential indicator of wastewater pollution and the efficiency of the treatment process
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DOI：
10.1007/s00705-019-04383-x
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hamza, Ibrahim Ahmed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamza, Hazem;Rizk, Neveen Magdy;Hamza, Ibrahim Ahmed
越来越多的证据表明，常规用于检测水质的粪便指示细菌不足以确保保护公众健康。辣椒温和斑驳病毒（PMMoV）最近被建议作为人类粪便污染的替代指标，但在埃及没有关于其在水生环境中的发生和浓度的数据。在一年的时间内使用qRT-PCR测量三个污水处理厂的流入物和流出物中PMMoV的浓度，并与人腺病毒（HAdV）的浓度进行比较，人腺病毒（HAdV）被认为是人粪便污染的指标。在94%的流入物样品和78%的流出物样品中检测到PMMoV，流入物中的浓度范围为3.9 x 10（4）至3.3 x 10（8）基因组拷贝/l（GC/l），流出物中的浓度范围为3.9 x 10（4）至1.2 x 10（7）GC/l。同样，HAdV分别在88%和78%的流入物和流出物样品中被鉴定。HAdV浓度范围为1.5 × 10（4）和1.5 × 10（7）GC/l（流入物）和2.6 × 10（4）和4.4 × 10（6）GC/l（流出物）。PMMoV和HAdV的去除率无显著差异。对于PMMoV和HAdV，通过处理工艺分别观察到病毒减少0.2-1.9 log（10）和0.2- 2.3 log（10）。这两种病毒都没有明显的季节性。我们的数据支持使用PMMoV作为废水污染的粪便指标和处理过程性能的过程指标。
There is increasing evidence that the fecal indicator bacteria that are routinely used for testing water quality are inadequate for ensuring protection of the public health. Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) has recently been suggested as an alternative indicator of human fecal contamination in water; however, in Egypt there are no data available about its occurrence and concentration in aquatic environment. The concentration of PMMoV in the influent and effluent of three wastewater treatment plants was measured using qRT-PCR over a period of one year and compared to that of human adenovirus (HAdV), which is considered an indicator for human fecal contamination. PMMoV was detected in similar to 94% of the influent samples and 78% of the effluent samples, with concentrations ranging from 3.9 x 10(4) to 3.3 x 10(8) genome copies/l (GC/l) in the influent and 3.9 x 10(4) to 1.2 x 10(7) GC/l in the effluent. Similarly, HAdV was identified in 88% and 78% of the influent and effluent samples, respectively. The HAdV concentration ranged between 1.5 x 10(4) and 1.5 x 10(7) GC/l for the influent and 2.6 x 10(4) and 4.4 x 10(6) GC/l for the effluent. No significant difference was found between the removal ratio of PMMoV and HAdV. Viral reduction of 0.2-1.9 log(10) and 0.2- 2.3 log(10) by the treatment process was observed for PMMoV and HAdV, respectively. Both viruses showed no clear seasonality. Our data support the use of PMMoV as a fecal indicator of wastewater contamination and a process indicator for the performance of the treatment process.