Changes in the adolescent brain and the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders
Changes in the adolescent brain and the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders
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DOI：
10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00081-9
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
64.3
通讯作者：
Paus, Tomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keshavan, Matcheri S.;Giedd, Jay;Paus, Tomas
青春期是大脑在神经解剖、功能和化学方面进行广泛重组的时期，与认知和影响调节方面的实质性成熟变化相似。这一时期的特点是突触的稳定，以减少冗余和提高神经功能的效率，兴奋性和抑制性神经递质系统的微调，后期和早期成熟的大脑结构之间开始整合，以及有效连接的发展。实际上，这些所谓的活动部分创造了一种动态变化的状态，这可能是青少年行为的基础。这些发育过程时间的不平衡或改变明显增加了精神疾病的风险。影响大脑发育和影响应激反应的激素变化的遗传、环境和表观遗传因素可能是一些（但不是全部）青少年患精神病理障碍风险增加的原因。在这篇系列论文中，我们评估了青少年大脑变化的神经生物学，这一知识的含义，以及未来在主要精神疾病，特别是精神障碍方面的研究。
Adolescence is a time of extensive neuroanatomical, functional, and chemical reorganisation of the brain which parallels substantial maturational changes in cognition and affect regulation. This period is characterised by stabilisation of synapses to diminish redundancy and increase efficiency of neural function, fine-tuning of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems, beginning of integration between late maturing and early maturing brain structures, and development of effective connections. In effect, these so-called moving parts create a state of dynamic change that might underlie adolescent behaviours. Imbalances or changes in timing of these developmental processes clearly increase the risk for psychiatric disorders. Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors that shape brain development and hormonal changes that affect stress reactivity could be reasons why some, but not all, adolescents are at a heightened risk of developing a psychopathological disorder. In this Series paper, we assess the neurobiology of the changing adolescent brain, implications of this knowledge, and future research in major psychiatric disorders, particularly for psychotic disorders.