The development of a miniaturised balloon-borne cloud water sampler and its first deployment in the high Arctic
The development of a miniaturised balloon-borne cloud water sampler and its first deployment in the high Arctic
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小型气球载云水采样器的开发及其在北极高海拔地区的首次部署
DOI：
10.1080/16000889.2021.1915614
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zieger, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zinke, Julika;Salter, Matthew E.;Leck, Caroline;Lawler, Michael J.;Porter, Grace C.;Adams, Michael P.;Brooks, Ian M.;Murray, Benjamin J.;Zieger, Paul
云水的化学成分可以用来推断云滴和冰晶形成的粒子来源。为了获得云水用于分析原始北极高纬度地区高空云的化学成分，气球携带的主动云水采样系统是最佳方法。然而，由于其重量和具有挑战性的环境条件，这种系统以前不可行部署。我们利用电池技术的最新发展，开发了一种用于气球携带的云水收集器。我们的采样器是一种批量采样器，云滴截止直径约为8 µm，估计收集效率为70%。对取样器进行了加热，以防止结冰过多，并能在北极高纬度地区遇到的极端条件下工作数小时。在2018年8月和9月靠近北极的高北极微生物-海洋-云耦合（MOCCHA）活动期间，我们已经在系留气球上测试和部署了新的采样器。该采样器成功地采集了云水样本，并对这些样本进行了分析，以确定其化学成分及其冰成核活性。考虑到在北极高纬度地区发现的原始条件，我们非常重视开发合适的清洁程序，以最大限度地减少采样器本身的背景污染。
The chemical composition of cloud water can be used to infer the sources of particles upon which cloud droplets and ice crystals have formed. In order to obtain cloud water for analysis of chemical composition for elevated clouds in the pristine high Arctic, balloon-borne active cloud water sampling systems are the optimal approach. However, such systems have not been feasible to deploy previously due to their weight and the challenging environmental conditions. We have taken advantage of recent developments in battery technology to develop a miniaturised cloud water sampler for balloon-borne collection of cloud water. Our sampler is a bulk sampler with a cloud drop cutoff diameter of approximately 8 µm and an estimated collection efficiency of 70%. The sampler was heated to prevent excessive ice accumulation and was able to operate for several hours under the extreme conditions encountered in the high Arctic. We have tested and deployed the new sampler on a tethered balloon during the Microbiology-Ocean-Cloud-Coupling in the High Arctic (MOCCHA) campaign in August and September 2018 close to the North pole. The sampler was able to successfully retrieve cloud water samples that were analysed to determine their chemical composition as well as their ice-nucleating activity. Given the pristine conditions found in the high Arctic we have placed significant emphasis on the development of a suitable cleaning procedure to minimise background contamination by the sampler itself.
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