Single Cigarette Sales: State Differences in FDA Advertising and Labeling Violations, 2014, United States
Single Cigarette Sales: State Differences in FDA Advertising and Labeling Violations, 2014, United States
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntv053
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Goldstein, Adam O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baker, Hannah M.;Lee, Joseph G. L.;Goldstein, Adam O.
要点：单支香烟出售时没有警示标签，而且经常逃税，可以成为年轻人吸烟的门户。2009年的《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法案》授权美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)监管烟草产品的制造、分销和营销，包括禁止销售单一香烟。为了执行这些规定，FDA在2010年至2014年9月30日期间进行了超过335661次检查，并为州检查合同划拨了超过1.15亿美元。目标：检查各州单一香烟违规行为的差异，并确定单一香烟销售是否可能预测州一级单一香烟违规行为。设计：对2014年1月1日至7月31日可公开获得的FDA警告信进行横断面研究。研究对象：所有50个州和哥伦比亚特区。参与者：FDA进行的烟草零售商检查(n=33543)。观察性研究暴露(S)：州香烟税、青少年吸烟率、贫困、主要结果(S)和措施(S)：州政府对单一香烟违规行为发出警告信的比例。结果：各州发现的单一香烟违规行为数量存在显著差异，38个州没有对销售单一香烟发出警告信，尽管州政府政策制定者制定了立法来解决单一香烟的零售商销售问题。州政府对单一香烟发出警告信的比例不受州卷烟税、青少年吸烟、贫困或烟草产量的影响，P=.12。结论和相关性：各州之间违反单一香烟销售规定的行为存在重大的、无法解释的差异。这些数据表明，FDA检查的实施情况可能存在差异，需要在实施FDA检查的各州之间建立更强有力的质量监控程序。
Importance: Single cigarettes, which are sold without warning labels and often evade taxes, can serve as a gateway for youth smoking. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gives the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products, including prohibiting the sale of single cigarettes. To enforce these regulations, the FDA conducted over 335 661 inspections between 2010 and September 30, 2014, and allocated over $ 115 million toward state inspections contracts.Objective: To examine differences in single cigarette violations across states and determine if likely correlates of single cigarette sales predict single cigarette violations at the state level.Design: Cross-sectional study of publicly available FDA warning letters from January 1 to July 31, 2014.Setting: All 50 states and the District of Columbia.Participants: Tobacco retailer inspections conducted by FDA (n = 33 543).Exposure(s) for Observational Studies: State cigarette tax, youth smoking prevalence, poverty, and tobacco production.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): State proportion of FDA warning letters issued for single cigarette violations.Results: There are striking differences in the number of single cigarette violations found by state, with 38 states producing no warning letters for selling single cigarettes even as state policymakers developed legislation to address retailer sales of single cigarettes. The state proportion of warning letters issued for single cigarettes is not predicted by state cigarette tax, youth smoking, poverty, or tobacco production, P =.12.Conclusions and Relevance: Substantial, unexplained variation exists in violations of single cigarette sales among states. These data suggest the possibility of differences in implementation of FDA inspections and the need for stronger quality monitoring processes across states implementing FDA inspections.