Increased Water Storage in the Qaidam Basin, the North Tibet Plateau from GRACE Gravity Data.
Increased Water Storage in the Qaidam Basin, the North Tibet Plateau from GRACE Gravity Data.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0141442
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kuang X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiao JJ;Zhang X;Liu Y;Kuang X
在柴达木盆地极度干旱地区，地下水在维持生态环境中起着关键作用。间接证据和稀疏观测井的数据表明，青藏高原的地下水正在增加，但由于地处偏远和干旱环境的严重程度，尚未对整个盆地的地下水状况进行区域评估。我们的研究证实了NTP长期（2003-2012）TWS的增加。2003 - 2012年，三峡库区和三峡库区的库容分别增加88.4 km3和20.6 km3，分别占三峡库容的225%和52%。来自全球土地数据同化系统（GLDAS）的土壤和水分变化也被用来确定TWS的地下水储量，并证明了QB地下水储量的长期增加。我们证明了地下水的增加，而不是湖水的增加，在QB中占主导地位，正如地下水水位所观察到的那样。我们的研究表明，TWS的增加可能是由区域降水增加和蒸发减少引起的。多年冻土的退化增加了活动层的厚度，从而增加了入渗降水和冰雪融水的储存，这也可能导致TWS的增加。NTP储水量的巨大增加不仅会对当地生态和环境产生深远影响，而且会对全球储水量和海平面变化产生深远影响。
Groundwater plays a key role in maintaining the ecology and environment in the hyperarid Qaidam Basin (QB). Indirect evidence and data from sparse observation wells suggest that groundwater in the QB is increasing but there has been no regional assessment of the groundwater conditions in the entire basin because of its remoteness and the severity of the arid environment. Here we report changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the northern Tibetan Plateau (NTP) using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data. Our study confirms long-term (2003–2012) TWS increases in the NTP. Between 2003 and 2012 the TWS increased by 88.4 and 20.6 km3 in the NTP and the QB, respectively, which is 225% and 52% of the capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir, respectively. Soil and water changes from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) were also used to identify groundwater storage in the TWS and to demonstrate a long-term increase in groundwater storage in the QB. We demonstrate that increases in groundwater, not lake water, are dominant in the QB, as observed by groundwater levels. Our study suggests that the TWS increase was likely caused by a regional increase in precipitation and a decrease in evaporation. Degradation of the permafrost increases the thickness of the active layers providing increased storage for infiltrated precipitation and snow and ice melt water, which may also contribute to the increased TWS. The huge increase of water storage in the NTP will have profound effects, not only on local ecology and environment, but also on global water storage and sea level changes.