Tree architecture of pillar and standard peach affect canopy transpiration and water use efficiency
Tree architecture of pillar and standard peach affect canopy transpiration and water use efficiency
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scienta.2015.02.030
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发表时间：
2015-05-13
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Miller, S. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glenn, D. M.;Bassett, C. B.;Miller, S. S.
高密度桃园的发展往往受到桃树过度营养生长的限制，这降低了生产力和质量。矮化砧木是不可用的，但直立的树结构已被开发为高密度桃生产。在生产条件下，研究了立柱桃树和标准结构桃树的水分利用效率，结果表明：立柱桃树和标准结构桃树的叶面积指数（LAI）无差异，但标准结构桃树的叶面积密度（LAD）显著高于立柱桃树。在不同的叶面积指数（LAI）和水汽压亏缺（VPD）范围内，柱木和标准木的光合有效辐射（PAR）响应（A）和蒸腾（E）无显著差异，表明两种树型在气体交换机制上无遗传差异。对于高光条件，对于LAI < 2.25，支柱和标准树具有相似且无显著差异的E：VPD关系，然而，对于LAI > 2.25，支柱在相似VPD水平下具有显著（P=0.05）大于标准结构的E，这是由于支柱结构的LAD减小，从而更有效地在冠层内分配光。在相同的WUE条件下，柱冠增加光照和对PAR的截留均能提高光合和蒸腾速率。目前的工作表明，作为支柱生长类型集成到生产系统中，将需要更多的研究，以有效地安排水的支柱架构的需求，以最大限度地提高水果的大小和质量，由于减少LAD的这种树的架构和更大的光照的树冠内部。由爱思唯尔公司出版
The development of productive high density peach orchards is often limited by the excessive vegetative growth of the trees that reduces productivity and quality. Dwarfing rootstocks are not available but upright tree architectures have been developed for high density peach production. The purpose of this study was to determine the water use efficiency of upright pillar and standard architecture peach trees in a production setting in order to understand the factors that differentiate transpiration and water use efficiency of the two tree architectures.There were no differences in leaf area index (LAI) of the pillar and standard types but the standards architecture had significantly greater leaf area density (LAD) than the pillar. There was no significant difference in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) response of photosynthesis (A) and transpiration (E) for the pillar and standard trees over a range of LAI's and vapor pressure deficits (VPD) for the 3 year period indicating that there was no genetic difference in gas exchange mechanisms between the genotypes of the two tree architectures. For high light conditions, the pillar and standard trees had a similar and non-significantly different E: VPD relationship for LAI < 2.25, however, for LAI > 2.25, the pillar had a significantly (P=0.05) greater E than the standard architecture at similar VPD levels due to the decreased LAD of the pillar architecture that more effectively distributed light within the canopy. The increased illumination and interception of PAR by the pillar canopy increased both photosynthesis and transpiration at the same WUE as the standard. The present work demonstrated that as pillar growth types are integrated into production systems, more research will be needed to efficiently schedule the water needs of the pillar architecture in order to maximize fruit size and quality due to the reduced LAD of this tree architecture and the greater illumination of the canopy interior. Published by Elsevier B.V.