Efforts to Revive the Aral Sea
Efforts to Revive the Aral Sea
复制标题
复兴咸海的努力
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-02356-9_15
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Micklin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Micklin
咸海在1960年至2012年间失去了85%的面积和92%的体积，同时分裂成四个剩余的湖泊。南部的大咸海水位下降了25米，盐度从10克/升上升到100克/升以上。在此期间，海洋遭受了巨大的生态和经济破坏，包括其宝贵的渔业遭到破坏，两条流入的河流的三角洲退化。然而，尽管发生了这样的灾难，而且与有关这片海域注定要消失的报道（普遍认为这片海域将“消失”的报道完全是错误的）相反，人们仍然希望这片海域及其三角洲能够部分恢复。讨论了各种恢复方案。在可预见的未来，海洋的全面振兴是极不可能的，但在遥远的时代也不排除这种可能性。本世纪头十年为部分恢复小咸海（北部）而实施的项目迄今取得了显著的成功。大咸海（南部）的部分恢复问题更大，因为它比咸海北部的项目成本更高，也更复杂。然而，它确实值得进一步研究。改善阿姆河和锡尔河三角洲的项目也在进行中。感兴趣的读者还应该看到第14章，其中分析了咸海生物恢复的潜力，第16章侧重于苏联时期制定的宏伟的西伯利亚调水计划，以从根本上改善咸海盆地的水平衡。
The Aral Sea between 1960 and 2012 lost 85 % of its area and 92 % of its volume, while separating into four residual lakes. The Large Aral on the south endured a level drop of 25 m and rise of salinity from 10 g/l to well over 100 g/l. Over this period, the sea suffered immense ecological and economic damage including the destruction of its valuable fishery and degradation of the deltas of its two influent rivers. Nevertheless, in spite of this calamity, and contrary to reports that the sea is a lost cause (popular reports that the sea will “disappear” are simply false), hope has remained that the sea and its deltas could be partially rehabilitated. Various restoration scenarios are discussed. Full revitalization of the sea in the foreseeable future is extremely improbable, but cannot be ruled out for distant times. The project implemented in the first decade of the present century to partially restore the Small (northern) Aral Sea so far has been eminently successful. Partial restoration of the Large (southern) Aral is more problematic as it would be more costly and complicated than the north Aral project. Nevertheless, it is certainly worthy of further investigation. Projects to improve the deltas of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya are also underway. The interested reader should also see Chap. 14 which analyses the potential for biological rehabilitation of the Aral and Chap. 16 focusing on the grandiose Siberian water transfer schemes developed during the Soviet era to radically improve the water balance of the Aral Sea Basin.