Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in France linked to a human-introduced strain of Alexandrium catenella from the western Pacific:: evidence from DNA and toxin analysis
Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in France linked to a human-introduced strain of Alexandrium catenella from the western Pacific:: evidence from DNA and toxin analysis
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DOI：
10.1093/plankt/24.5.443
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Anderson, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lilly, EL;Kulis, DM;Anderson, DM
1998年，在法国Thau Lagoon发现了麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）毒素。致病微生物被鉴定为塔玛亚历山大藻，是塔玛物种复合体的一员。1995年，一项监测计划首次在泻湖中观察到这种甲藻，此前十多年没有观察到这种甲藻。因此，该物种是新的这些沃茨，但它的起源是未知的。本文分析了1998年水华建立的两个克隆培养物的形态和分子数据。将这些数据与来自世界其他地方的Alexandrum分离株的结果进行比较，以推断来源。平板形态、限制性片段长度多态性、DNA测序和毒素分析表明Thau Lagoon菌株是A. catenella，与A. catenella发现于温带亚洲，特别是日本温带亚洲核糖型的tamarense/catenella/fundyense物种复合体。它们与来自西欧沃茨（包括地中海）的菌株没有同源性。到目前为止，日本温带亚洲核糖体型尚未报道西太平洋以外。最有可能的情况是A。catenella通过停靠在法国塞特的船舶的压舱水引入到Thau泻湖，塞特是与泻湖直接连通的航运港口。这一案例提供了一个明确的例子，说明有毒的亚历山大藻物种可能通过人类活动扩散。
In 1998, the toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) were detected in Thau Lagoon, France. The causative organism was identified as Alexandrium tamarense, a member of the 'tamarensis' species complex. This dinoflagellate was first observed in the lagoon in 1995 by a monitoring programme following more than a decade with no observations of this species. The species is thus new to these waters, but its origins were unknown. In this paper, morphological and molecular data are anaysed for two clonal cultures established from the 1998 bloom. These data are compared to results from Alexandrium isolates originating elsewhere in the world to infer an origin. Thecal plate morphology, restriction fragment length polymorphism, DNA sequencing and toxin analyses demonstrate that the Thau Lagoon strains are A. catenella, and are closely related to populations of A. catenella found in temperate Asia, specfically the Japanese Temperate Asian riboype of the tamarense/catenella/fundyense species complex. They show no homology with strains from western European waters, including the Mediterranean. Until now, the Japanese Temperate Asian ribotype has not been reported outside the western Pacific. The most likely scenario is that A. catenella was introduced to Thau Lagoon via the ballast water of a ship docked at Sete, France, a shipping port in direct communication with the lagoon. This case provides a clear example of the dispersal of a toxic Alexandrium species, probably via human activities.