Patterns of protozoan infections: spatiotemporal associations with cattle density.
Patterns of protozoan infections: spatiotemporal associations with cattle density.
复制标题
原生动物感染的模式：与牛密度的时空关联。
DOI：
10.1007/s10393-010-0286-1
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Naumova,ElenaN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jagai,JyotsnaS;Griffiths,JeffreyK;Kirshen,PaulH;Webb,Patrick;Naumova,ElenaN
来自牛生产的废物含有原生动物，如隐孢子虫属。和贾第虫，可以传播给人类。居住在牛密度高的地区的人可能会增加原生动物感染的风险。本研究的目的是评估美国老年人中牛密度与原生动物感染住院之间的空间和时间相关性。原生动物感染的数据来自医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心14年（1991-2004）的数据集。牛库存数据摘自2002年美国农业普查。根据牛密度和人口密度，将各州分为五个接触类别之一。我们的分析考虑了基于暴露类别的比率、趋势和季节性模式变化的差异。隐孢子虫病表现出与牛潜在暴露增加相关的年发病率增加趋势。隐孢子虫病和贾第鞭毛虫病表现出显着的季节性模式，高峰期在10月的第四周，在高牛/低人口密度和9月的第二周，在低牛/低人口密度的县，分别。人口密度低的县（无论牛密度如何）的所有原生动物感染率最高，在夏季达到高峰。这些结果表明，在牛密度高的地区，老年人感染原生动物的风险增加，特别是隐孢子虫病。农村地区的季节性模式和较高的年发病率表明，环境暴露随时间变化，这可能会受到农业政策和干预措施在地理和时间上的针对性的影响，以改善公共卫生。
Waste from cattle production contains protozoa, such asCryptosporidiumspp. andGiardia,which can be transmitted to humans. People residing in areas of high cattle density may be at increased risk for protozoan infections. The objective of this study was to assess spatial and temporal associations between cattle density and hospitalizations for protozoan infections in the U.S. elderly. Data on protozoan infections were abstracted from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services datasets for a 14-year period (1991–2004). Cattle inventory data were abstracted from the 2002 U.S. Census of Agriculture. Counties were classified into one of five exposure categories based on both cattle density and human density. Our analyses considered differences in rates, trends, and variations in seasonal patterns based on exposure categories. Cryptosporidiosis demonstrated a trend of increasing annual rates related to increased potential exposure to cattle. Both cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis demonstrated significant seasonal patterns peaking during the fourth week of October in areas of high cattle/low population density and the second week of September in counties with low cattle/low human density, respectively. Counties with low human population density (regardless of cattle density) had the highest rate of all protozoan infections, peaking in the summer. These results demonstrate the elderly population is at increased risk of protozoan infections in areas of high cattle density, particularly cryptosporidiosis. The seasonal patterns and higher annual rates seen in rural areas suggest time-variant environmental exposures, which may be affected with geographical and temporal targeting of agricultural policies and interventions to improve public health.