Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia
Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665115000129
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Zheng, Jolene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heymsfield, Steven B.;Gonzalez, M. Cristina;Zheng, Jolene
在20世纪80年代末，与肌少症概念的引入几乎同时出现了对人类受试者进行精确骨骼肌质量测量的第一份报告。从那时起，这些方法，计算机断层扫描和核磁共振成像，已被用于深入了解较旧的（即人体测量和尿液标记）和最近开发和改进的方法（超声，生物阻抗分析和双能x射线吸收测定法），用于量化区域和全身骨骼肌质量。本综述的目的是描述这些方法的演变及其在肌少症评估和治疗方面的持续发展。这些技术的进步主要集中在与肌肉成分和“质量”相关的额外可量化测量上。这些集体评估与力量和身体表现指标的整合被强调与肌肉减少症和相关疾病如肌肉减少性肥胖、恶病质和虚弱的评估联系起来。我们的研究结果表明，目前可用的方法和正在开发的方法能够将非侵入性的措施从单纯的“质量”扩展到质量评估，从而有望缩小骨骼肌质量与肌肉功能、发病率和死亡率之间的差距。作为大多数成年人中最大的组织隔室，骨骼肌质量和肌肉组成的各个方面现在可以通过广泛的技术进行评估，这些技术提供了重要的新研究和临床机会，与肌少症相关疾病的频谱日益增长的兴趣相一致。
The first reports of accurate skeletal muscle mass measurement in human subjects appeared at about the same time as introduction of the sarcopenia concept in the late 1980s. Since then these methods, computed tomography and MRI, have been used to gain insights into older (i.e. anthropometry and urinary markers) and more recently developed and refined methods (ultrasound, bioimpedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) of quantifying regional and total body skeletal muscle mass. The objective of this review is to describe the evolution of these methods and their continued development in the context of sarcopenia evaluation and treatment. Advances in these technologies are described with a focus on additional quantifiable measures that relate to muscle composition and 'quality'. The integration of these collective evaluations with strength and physical performance indices is highlighted with linkages to evaluation of sarcopenia and the spectrum of related disorders such as sarcopenic obesity, cachexia and frailty. Our findings show that currently available methods and those in development are capable of non-invasively extending measures from solely 'mass' to quality evaluations that promise to close the gaps now recognised between skeletal muscle mass and muscle function, morbidity and mortality. As the largest tissue compartment in most adults, skeletal muscle mass and aspects of muscle composition can now be evaluated by a wide array of technologies that provide important new research and clinical opportunities aligned with the growing interest in the spectrum of conditions associated with sarcopenia.