Pathogenic Viruses Commonly Present in the Oral Cavity and Relevant Antiviral Compounds Derived from Natural Products.
Pathogenic Viruses Commonly Present in the Oral Cavity and Relevant Antiviral Compounds Derived from Natural Products.
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DOI：
10.3390/medicines5040120
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发表时间：
2018-11-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nakashima H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Asai D;Nakashima H
许多病毒，如人类疱疹病毒，可能存在于人类口腔中，但大多数通常无症状。然而，如果个体因年龄、疾病或治疗的副作用而免疫功能低下，这些休眠病毒可能被激活并在口腔粘膜中产生各种病理变化。不幸的是，病毒感染性疾病的可用治疗是有限的，因为（1）存在无法治疗的疾病;（2）可能出现耐药病毒株;（3）不完全根除病毒可能导致复发。合理的设计策略被广泛用于优化候选药物的效力和选择性，但是发现新的抗病毒药物的先导化合物，特别是具有新结构的先导化合物，仍然主要依赖于大规模的筛选程序，并且在天然产物中发现许多命中物，例如海绵提取物，海藻，植物和节肢动物。在这里，我们回顾了在人类口腔中发现的代表性病毒及其影响，以及来自天然产物的相关抗病毒化合物。我们还强调了一些最近出现的制药技术，这些技术有可能更有效地为疾病预防和治疗提供抗病毒药物。
Many viruses, such as human herpesviruses, may be present in the human oral cavity, but most are usually asymptomatic. However, if individuals become immunocompromised by age, illness, or as a side effect of therapy, these dormant viruses can be activated and produce a variety of pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Unfortunately, available treatments for viral infectious diseases are limited, because (1) there are diseases for which no treatment is available; (2) drug-resistant strains of virus may appear; (3) incomplete eradication of virus may lead to recurrence. Rational design strategies are widely used to optimize the potency and selectivity of drug candidates, but discovery of leads for new antiviral agents, especially leads with novel structures, still relies mostly on large-scale screening programs, and many hits are found among natural products, such as extracts of marine sponges, sea algae, plants, and arthropods. Here, we review representative viruses found in the human oral cavity and their effects, together with relevant antiviral compounds derived from natural products. We also highlight some recent emerging pharmaceutical technologies with potential to deliver antivirals more effectively for disease prevention and therapy.