Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse
Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.152330099
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发表时间：
2002-08-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Olek, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jansen, T;Forster, P;Olek, K
马驯化的地点和日期一直是考古学家争论的问题。为了确定马是否是从一个或几个祖先马种群驯化的，我们对来自25个东方和欧洲品种（包括美国野马）的318匹马的线粒体D环进行了测序。将这些序列添加到以前公布的数据中，总数达到652个，是目前最大的数据库。从这些序列，一个系统发育网络的构建表明，大多数的93个不同的线粒体（mt）DNA类型分为17个不同的系统发育簇。几个集群对应的品种和/或地理区域，特别是集群A2，这是特定的普氏野马，集群C1，这是独特的北方欧洲小马，和集群D1，这是很好地代表了伊比利亚和西北非洲品种。考虑到马的mtDNA突变率以及驯化的考古时间表，需要至少77只成功繁殖的马从野外招募。这77个祖先的广泛的遗传多样性使我们得出结论，几个不同的马种群参与了马的驯化。
The place and date of the domestication of the horse has long been a matter for debate among archaeologists. To determine whether horses were domesticated from one or several ancestral horse populations, we sequenced the mitochondrial D-loop for 318 horses from 25 oriental and European breeds, including American mustangs. Adding these sequences to previously published data, the total comes to 652, the largest currently available database. From these sequences, a phylogenetic network was constructed that showed that most of the 93 different mitochondrial (mt)DNA types grouped into 17 distinct phylogenetic clusters. Several of the clusters correspond to breeds and/or geographic areas, notably cluster A2, which is specific to Przewalski's horses, cluster C1, which is distinctive for northern European ponies, and cluster D1, which is well represented in Iberian and northwest African breeds. A consideration of the horse mtDNA mutation rate together with the archaeological timeframe for domestication requires at least 77 successfully breeding mares recruited from the wild. The extensive genetic diversity of these 77 ancestral mares leads us to conclude that several distinct horse populations were involved in the domestication of the horse.