Vascular sphingolipids in physiological and pathological adaptation
Vascular sphingolipids in physiological and pathological adaptation
复制标题
血管鞘脂在生理和病理适应中的作用
DOI：
10.2741/4448
复制
发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Chang, Yao-Ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bao, Jun-Xiang;Su, Yu-Ting;Chang, Yao-Ming
鞘脂（SL）是含有称为鞘氨醇的长链脂肪醇胺的化合物，存在于细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核、间质液、血液和淋巴循环中。 SL 作为真核细胞膜的重要组成部分，因此 SL 的跷跷板将导致膜的结构改变，从而引发细胞功能变化。 SL 还充当重要的信号分子，在细胞内或细胞外发挥作用，调节下游分子的活性，决定细胞对多种刺激的适应。本综述旨在强调 SL 对脉管系统生理和病理生理重塑的贡献。我们将首先简要概述 SL 的代谢、运输和划分。然后总结了 SL 对活性氧 (ROS) 形成、血管张力调节、内皮屏障完整性、细胞凋亡和自噬的调节作用。最后，我们将讨论在高血压、动脉粥样硬化和衰老等病理情况下如何调节 SL，从而促进血管发育、血管生成和血管重塑。 SL 的令人信服的调节作用为涉及血管适应不良的疾病提供了潜在的药物干预的丰富治疗靶点。
Sphingolipids (SLs) are compounds containing a long-chain fatty alcohol amine called sphingosine which exists in cellular membranes, cytoplasm, nucleus, interstitial fluid, blood and lymphatic circulation. SLs act as essential constituents of membranes of eukaryotic cells, so the seesaw of SLs will lead to structural alteration of membranes instigating cellular functional change. SLs also act as crucial signaling molecules taking effect intracellularly or extracellularly which regulates activity of downstream molecules determining cellular adaptation to numerous stimulus. This review aims to highlight the contribution of SLs to physiological and pathophysiological remodeling of vasculature. We will first provide a short overview on metabolism, trafficking and compartmentalization of SLs. Then the regulation of SLs on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, vascular tone modulation, endothelial barrier integrity, apoptosis and autophagy are summarized. Finally, we will discuss how the SLs are modulated contributing to vascular development, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in pathological situations as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aging. The compellingly regulative actions of SLs bring about copious therapeutic targets for potential pharmacological intervention on the diseases involving vascular maladaptation.