The presence of endotoxin in powdered infant formula milk and the influence of endotoxin and Enterobacter sakazakii on bacterial translocation in the infant rat
The presence of endotoxin in powdered infant formula milk and the influence of endotoxin and Enterobacter sakazakii on bacterial translocation in the infant rat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fm.2006.03.009
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Forsythe, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Townsend, Stacy;Barron, Juncal Caubilla;Forsythe, Stephen
脂多糖 (LPS) 是一种热稳定性内毒素，在婴儿配方奶粉 (IFM) 的加工过程中持续存在。摄入后，它可能会增加新生儿肠上皮的通透性，从而导致细菌从肠道移位。为了确定 IFM 中的内毒素水平，从 7 个国家（代表 31 个品牌）收集了 75 个样品，并使用动态比色法鲎变形细胞裂解物 (LAL) 测定法进行内毒素分析。内毒素水平范围为每克 40 至 5.5 x 10(4) 内毒素单位 (EU)，与活细菌数量无关。新生大鼠模型用于解决内毒素诱导的细菌从肠道移位的风险。将纯化的大肠杆菌 LPS 给予幼鼠，然后接种坂崎肠杆菌 ATCC 12868。由于肠道和血脑屏障渗透性增强，因此从内毒素处理的大鼠的肠系膜、脾脏、血液和脑脊液 (CSF) 中分离出细菌。结肠的组织学分析显示粘膜层和肌层显着扩张。摄入内毒素水平高的 IFM 可能会增加新生儿菌血症和内毒素血症的风险，尤其是先天免疫系统不成熟的新生儿。 (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a heat stable endotoxin that persists during the processing of powdered infant formula milk (IFM). Upon ingestion it may increase the permeability of the neonatal intestinal epithelium and consequently bacterial translocation from the gut. To determine the level of endotoxin present in IFM, 75 samples were collected from seven countries (representing 31 brands) and analysed for endotoxin using the kinetic colorimetric Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The endotoxin levels ranged from 40 to 5.5 x 10(4) endotoxin units (EU) per gram and did not correlate with the number of viable bacteria. The neonate rat model was used to address the risk of endotoxin-induced bacterial translocation from the gut. Purified Escherichia coli LPS was administered to rat pups followed by inoculation with Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC 12868. Bacteria were isolated from the mesentery, spleen, blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of endotoxin-treated rats due to enhanced gut and blood brain barrier penetration. Histological analysis of the colon showed marked distension of the mucosal and muscular layers. It is plausible that the risk of neonatal bacteraemia and endotoxemia, especially in neonates with immature innate immune systems, may be raised due to ingestion of IFM with high endotoxin levels. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.