Hydrological and geomorphological controls of malaria transmission
Hydrological and geomorphological controls of malaria transmission
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.11.004
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
Thomas, C. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, M. W.;Macklin, M. G.;Thomas, C. J.
疟疾风险与形成病媒滋生地的水文和地貌过程密不可分。然而，疟疾传播的环境控制通常由温度和降雨量来表示，完全忽略了水文和地貌的影响。大陆尺度的研究通过简单的最小降雨阈值隐含地纳入了水文，而群落尺度的水文和昆虫学耦合模型并不能代表蚊子媒介孳生地点的实际多样性。在流域尺度上观察到的疟疾传播对环境因素的响应范围最大，其中降雨与疟疾风险之间看似矛盾的关联可以用控制地表水体形成和持久性的水文和地貌过程来解释。这篇论文扩展了最近将生态因素纳入疟疾风险模型的努力，建议对水文以及在与气候变化影响预测相关的更长时间尺度上的地貌过程提供同样的详细表示。我们回顾了疟疾环境控制的现有代表，并从现有文献中确定了一系列水文上不同的媒介滋生地点。我们通过对东非一个集水区观察到的一系列水体进行分类，说明了水文、地貌和媒介滋生地之间相互作用的潜在复杂性。至关重要的是，如果我们要在流域尺度上建立疟疾风险的动态空间模型，就必须明确考虑驱动地表水体形成和破坏的机制。(c) 2012 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Malaria risk is linked inextricably to the hydrological and geomorphological processes that form vector breeding sites. Yet environmental controls of malaria transmission are often represented by temperature and rainfall amounts, ignoring hydrological and geomorphological influences altogether. Continental-scale studies incorporate hydrology implicitly through simple minimum rainfall thresholds, while community-scale coupled hydrological and entomological models do not represent the actual diversity of the mosquito vector breeding sites. The greatest range of malaria transmission responses to environmental factors is observed at the catchment scale where seemingly contradictory associations between rainfall and malaria risk can be explained by hydrological and geomorphological processes that govern surface water body formation and persistence. This paper extends recent efforts to incorporate ecological factors into malaria-risk models, proposing that the same detailed representation be afforded to hydrological and, at longer timescales relevant for predictions of climate change impacts, geomorphological processes. We review existing representations of environmental controls of malaria and identify a range of hydrologically distinct vector breeding sites from existing literature. We illustrate the potential complexity of interactions among hydrology, geomorphology and vector breeding sites by classifying a range of water bodies observed in a catchment in East Africa. Crucially, the mechanisms driving surface water body formation and destruction must be considered explicitly if we are to produce dynamic spatial models of malaria risk at catchment scales. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.