Yield determination, interplay between major components and yield stability in a traditional and a contemporary wheat across a wide range of environments
Yield determination, interplay between major components and yield stability in a traditional and a contemporary wheat across a wide range of environments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.028
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Slafer, Gustavo A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ferrante, Ariel;Cartelle, Julia;Slafer, Gustavo A.
地中海小麦产量提高的生理基础比其他地区探索得更少，特别是在绿色革命之后的时期。由于地中海地区的共同终端应力，可以假设，当代ctiltivars将表现出改善的平均粒重和产量稳定性相比，传统的栽培品种。尽管在文献中缺乏明确的证据，地中海地区的农民可能更喜欢在最贫困的环境下种植传统品种而不是现代品种，并将最好的土地分配给更现代的品种。例如，在我们地区，安扎（一种传统的，但半矮秆的品种）和苏瓦松（更现代，比安扎有更高的潜在产量）就是这种情况。我们详细分析了这两个品种的产量决定及其对非常广泛的生长条件的响应性（在六个实验中，产量范围从小于1到大于8 Mgha（-1））。两个品种对改善的产量条件都有明显的反应，但苏瓦松的反应更强烈，显示出明显更高的产量潜力。传统品种的较高产量稳定性并不意味着在最低产量条件下始终表现较好。解释当代品种产量优势的主要成分是每平方米的粒数，虽然传统品种表现出一种部分补偿，由于具有一贯较高的平均粒重。在所有条件下，当代栽培品种的总体结果效率（111.4 ± 7.5粒/穗）（-1）显著高于传统品种（88.3 +/-3.9粒g（穗）（-1）），这是当代品种穗育性高于传统品种的基础，在大多数小穗中观察到一致的环境条件下，具有明显的趋势增加小穗的数量，表现出两个品种之间的育性的显着差异和它们之间的穗育性的总体差异。在过去的两个实验中，我们详细分析了每一个单独的颗粒的重量，我们表明，穗育性的改善，由于更高的结实效率并没有带来减少的颗粒重量的潜力和部分补偿的主要原因是在当代品种的比例增加，在远端位置（组成小于近端的颗粒）。(C)© 2016 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
Physiological bases of Mediterranean wheat yield improvements have been less explored than in other regions, particularly so during the period following the Green Revolution. Due to the common terminal stress of Mediterranean regions, it could be hypothesized that contemporary ctiltivars would exhibit improved average grain weight and yield stability compared with a traditional cultivar. Despite the lack of clear evidence in the literature, farmers in Mediterranean regions may prefer growing traditional cultivars over modern ones under the poorest environments and allocate the best lands to more contemporary cultivars. For instance, in our region this has been the case with Anza (a traditional, but semi-dwarf, cultivar) and Soissons (more modern and with a putatively higher potential yield than Anza). We analysed in detail for these two cultivars yield determination and its responsiveness to a very wide range of growing conditions (across six experiments, yield ranging from less than 1 to more than 8 Mgha(-1)). Both cultivars responded to the improved yielding conditions noticeably but Soissons did so more strongly, revealing a clearly higher yield potential. The higher yield stability of the traditional cultivar did not imply consistently better performance under the lowest yielding conditions. The main component explaining the yield advantage of the contemporary cultivar was the number of grains per m(2) though the traditional cultivar exhibited a sort of partial compensation due to possessing a consistently higher average grain weight. Across all conditions, the overall fruiting efficiency of the contemporary cultivar (111.4 +/- 7.5 grains g(spike)(-1)) was significantly higher than that of the traditional one (88.3 +/- 3.9 grains g(spike)(-1)), which was the basis of a higher spike fertility in the contemporary than in the traditional cultivar, observed in most of the spikelets consistently across environmental conditions with a clear trend to increase the number of spikelets exhibiting a significant difference in fertility between the two cultivars and the overall difference in spike fertility between them. Analysing in detail the weight of each individual grain in the last two experiments, we showed that the improved spike fertility due to a higher fruiting efficiency did not bring about reductions in grain weight potential and the dominant cause of the partial compensation was the increase in the proportion of grains in distal positions (constitutively smaller than proximal grains) in the contemporary cultivar. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.