Household risk factors for malaria among children in the Ethiopian highlands
Household risk factors for malaria among children in the Ethiopian highlands
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DOI：
10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90424-3
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Byass, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghebreyesus, TA;Haile, M;Byass, P
疟疾的传播因村而异，甚至在同一村庄的不同家庭之间也有差异。目前的研究在埃塞俄比亚北方进行，以确定在低流行性高原疟疾环境中造成这种变化的风险因素：监测了居住在海拔1775至2175米的小水坝附近的6个村庄的2114名10岁以下儿童。在1997年的一年期间，对疟疾月发病率进行了4次测定。发病率结果，然后分析了14个个人和家庭因素，采用泊松多变量回归。在分析的14个因子中，水浇地利用率（率比[RR] = 2.68，95% CI 1.64-4.38），土屋顶（RR = 2.15，95%CI 1.31-3.52），动物在屋内睡觉（RR = 1.92，95% CI 1.29-2.85），窗口期（RR = 1.84，95% CI 1.30-2.63），开放式屋檐（RR = 1.85，95% CI 1.19-2.88）、无独立厨房（RR = 1.57，95% CI 1.10-2.23）和1间卧室（RR = 1.52，95% CI 1.05-2.20）与疟疾显著相关。暴露于一种或没有风险因素的儿童中感染的比例为2.1%，随着风险因素的增加而增加，有5种或5种以上风险因素的儿童感染比例达到29.4%。需要进行进一步研究，以确认特定风险因素的重要性，从而可能导致简单的卫生教育和控制措施，这些措施可能成为部门间合作执行的常规控制方案的一部分。
Malaria transmission varies from village to village and even from family to family in the same village. The current study was conducted in northern Ethiopia to identify risk factors responsible for such variations in a hypoendemic highland malaria setting: 2114 children aged < 10 years living in 6 villages situated close to small dams at altitudes from 1775 to 2175 m were monitored. Monthly malaria incidence was determined 4 times over a I-year period during 1997. Incidence results were then analysed by 14 individual and household factors using Poisson multivariate regression. Among 14 factors analysed, use of irrigated land (rate ratio[RR] = 2.68, 95% CI 1.64-4.38), earth roof(RR = 2.15,95% CI 1.31-3.52), animals sleeping in the house (RR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.29-2.85), windows (RR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.30-2.63), open eaves (RR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.19-2.88), no separate kitchen (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.10-2.23), and 1 sleeping room (RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.05-2.20), were significantly associated with malaria. The proportion of infection among children exposed to one or no risk factor was 2.1%, increasing with the number of risk factors and reaching 29.4% with 5 or more. Further studies are needed to confirm the importance of particular risk factors, possibly leading to simple health education and control measures that could become part of routine control programmes, implemented with inter-sectoral collaboration.