Homing tasks and distance matching tasks reveal different types of perceptual variables associated with perceiving self-motion during over-ground locomotion
Homing tasks and distance matching tasks reveal different types of perceptual variables associated with perceiving self-motion during over-ground locomotion
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-022-06337-3
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发表时间：
2022-02
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Steven J. Harrison;Nicholas Reynolds;Brandon Bishoff;N. Stergiou;Eliah White
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steven J. Harrison;Nicholas Reynolds;Brandon Bishoff;N. Stergiou;Eliah White
自我运动感知是指感知身体如何在环境中运动的能力。对自我运动的感知已被证明取决于用于在环境中移动身体的运动动作模式。两个独立的调查路线导致建立两个不同的理论关于这种效果。一种理论已经提出，在运动期间行进的距离经由由触觉感知系统检测的高阶感知变量来感知。该理论提出，存在两个高阶触觉感知变量，并且这些变量之一的含义取决于所使用的步态模式的类型。第二种理论认为，自我运动是通过一个更高阶的感知变量，称为多模态指定的能量消耗（MSEE）。该理论提出，运动动作模式对自我运动感知的影响与每单位感知指定的穿越距离的运动代谢成本的变化有关。在这里，我们测试的假设，这些不同的理论的发展是在方法论的不同选择的结果。步态类型的理论主要是根据归航任务的结果发展起来的，而MSEE的效果是根据距离匹配任务的结果发展起来的。在这里，我们测试的假设，在实验设计中，从使用归航任务到使用距离匹配任务的完全无害的变化，改变了自我运动知觉所涉及的感知变量的类型。为了验证这一假设，我们密切复制了最近的一项关于步态类型对所有细节影响的研究，除了第一条我们研究的是距离匹配任务而不是归航任务。正如假设的那样，这种变化产生的结果与MSEE的预测一致，并且与步态类型不同。我们进一步表明，与步态类型的效果不同，MSEE的效果不受视力可用性的影响。总之，我们的研究结果支持存在两种不同类型的高阶知觉变量的自我运动知觉。我们讨论了这两种类型的感知变量在支持有效的人类寻路的作用。
Self-motion perception refers to the ability to perceive how the body is moving through the environment. Perception of self-motion has been shown to depend upon the locomotor action patterns used to move the body through the environment. Two separate lines of enquiry have led to the establishment of two distinct theories regarding this effect. One theory has proposed that distances travelled during locomotion are perceived via higher order perceptual variables detected by the haptic perceptual system. This theory proposes that two higher order haptic perceptual variables exist, and that the implication of one of these variables depends upon the type of gait pattern that is used. A second theory proposes that self-motion is perceived via a higher order perceptual variable termed multimodally specified energy expenditure (MSEE). This theory proposes that the effect of locomotor actions patterns upon self-motion perception is related to changes in the metabolic cost of locomotion per unit of perceptually specified traversed distance. Here, we test the hypothesis that the development of these distinct theories is the result of different choices in methodology. The theory of gait type has been developed based largely on the results of homing tasks, whereas the effect of MSEE has been developed based on the results of distance matching tasks. Here we test the hypothesis that the seemly innocuous change in experimental design from using a homing task to using a distance matching task changes the type of perceptual variables implicated in self-motion perception. To test this hypothesis, we closely replicated a recent study of the effect of gait type in all details bar one—we investigated a distance matching task rather than a homing task. As hypothesized, this change yielded results consistent with the predictions of MSEE, and distinct from gait type. We further show that, unlike the effect of gait type, the effect of MSEE is unaffected by the availability of vision. In sum, our findings support the existence of two distinct types of higher order perceptual variables in self-motion perception. We discuss the roles of these two types of perceptual variables in supporting effective human wayfinding.