Ichthyosaurian palaeopathology: evidence of injury and disease in fossil ‘fish lizards’

Ichthyosaurian palaeopathology: evidence of injury and disease in fossil ‘fish lizards’
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鱼龙古病理学:鱼蜥蜴化石中损伤和疾病的证据

DOI:
10.1111/jzo.12517
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Maxwell
Maxwell
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pardo-Pérez;Gómez;Moroni;Maxwell

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有文件记载的鱼龙古病理学记录揭示了一系列与伤害有关的骨骼修改和疾病实例,从中三叠世到中白垩世,通过多个支系、骨骼区域和身体大小类别得到了证据。例子包括创伤性损伤,以及关节疾病的高发病率,包括缺血性坏死。前肢病变尤其多见(占报告总数的65%),而关节窝区域似乎特别容易发生关节疾病。相比之下,影响脊柱的病理相对较少(报道的病理中有6%)。同样值得注意的是,在长度在2到6米之间的鱼龙分类群中,骨病理学的不成比例的共性(54%),而不是明显较大(31%)或较小的体型(15%)的物种。此外,骨病理学几乎完全是由骨骼成熟的个体描述的,最广为人知的是侏罗纪的分类群(78%),而不是三叠纪的分类群(15%)或白垩纪的分类群(7%);这可能反映了随着时间的推移鱼龙化石记录中的偏见。相对于其他生态上相似的海洋羊栖生物,尤其是鲸目动物和镶嵌龙鳞动物,鱼龙在观察到的骨骼损害类型方面表现出显著的相似之处,所有这些动物都有可能对水环境中的生命表现出同等的古生态和/或行为适应。然而,值得注意的是,鱼龙脊椎病变的异常低频率是特殊的,需要进一步的研究才能确定其意义。
The documented record of ichthyosaurian paleopathologies reveals an array of injury‐related bone modifications and instances of disease evidenced through multiple clades, skeletal regions and body‐size classes from the Middle Triassic to middle Cretaceous. Examples include traumatic injuries, as well as a high incidence of articular diseases, including avascular necrosis. Forelimb pathologies are particularly abundant (65% of total reported), and the glenoid region seems to have been especially prone to articular disease. In contrast, pathologies affecting the vertebral column are comparatively underrepresented (6% of reported pathologies). Also notable is the disproportionate commonality of osteopathologies in ichthyosaurian taxa between 2 and 6 m in length (54%), as opposed to demonstrably larger (31%) or smaller bodied (15%) species. Furthermore, osteopathologies are almost exclusively described from skeletally mature individuals, and are best known from taxa of Jurassic age (78%), versus those from the Triassic (15%) or Cretaceous (7%); this likely reflects biases in the ichthyosaurian fossil record through time. Ichthyosaurs evince remarkable similarities in the types of observed skeletal damage relative to other ecologically similar marine amniotes – especially cetaceans and mosasaurid squamates, all of which potentially exhibited equivalent palaeoecological and/or behavioural adaptations for life in aqueous environments. Notably, however, the unusually low frequency of vertebral pathologies in ichthyosaurs is peculiar, and requires further investigation to establish significance.
DOI: --
发表时间: 2014
期刊: Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS
影响因子: --
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发表时间: 2015
期刊: Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
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DOI: 10.4202/app.2010.0117
发表时间: 2011
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