Hunting of Mammals Reduces Seed Removal and Dispersal of the Afrotropical Tree Antrocaryon klaineanum (Anacardiaceae)
Hunting of Mammals Reduces Seed Removal and Dispersal of the Afrotropical Tree Antrocaryon klaineanum (Anacardiaceae)
复制标题
狩猎哺乳动物减少了非洲热带树 Antrocaryon klaineanum（漆树科）的种子去除和传播
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benjamin C. Wang;V. Sork;M. Leong;T. Smith
在整个热带地区，哺乳动物的种子传播者正因强烈的狩猎压力而在当地灭绝，这不仅引起了人们对这些物种损失的担忧，而且也引起了人们对它们传播的植物后果的担忧。我们比较了两个热带雨林网站，一个沉重的狩猎压力和一个保护狩猎，以评估哺乳动物种子传播的损失，并评估这种损失对种子的去除和种子传播的Antrocaryon klaineanum（漆树科），哺乳动物分散的树。对树栖食果动物的调查表明，五种猴子中的三种，以及黑猩猩和大猩猩，已经从被猎杀的森林中灭绝。一水硬铝石计数在A之下。klaineanum成虫（每个地点6棵树）表明，在狩猎森林中，种子的去除严重减少。最后，遗传母性排斥分析（使用3-7个核微卫星位点）的母系遗传的内果皮组织的12个结果的“母亲”树（每个网站6棵树）的树冠下收集的散生孢子显示，种子传播在狩猎森林也大大减少。在狩猎森林减少哺乳动物的传播媒介，只有1的53个测定的内果皮（2%）不匹配的母亲，被确定为从分散的水铝石。与此相反，在保护林，20的48个测定的内果皮（42%）来自分散的繁殖体。这项研究提供了强有力的证据表明，传播剂的损失会导致种子去除减少和种子传播的损失，破坏种子传播周期。
Throughout the tropics, mammalian seed dispersers are being driven to local extinction by intense hunting pressure, generating concern not only about the loss of these species, but also about the consequences for the plants they disperse. We compared two rain forest sites in Cameroon—one with heavy hunting pressure and one protected from hunting—to appraise the loss of mammalian seed dispersers and to assess the impact of this loss on seed removal and seed dispersal of Antrocaryon klaineanum (Anacardiaceae), a mammal‐dispersed tree. Surveys of arboreal frugivores indicate that three of the five monkey species, as well as chimpanzee and gorilla, have been extirpated from the hunted forest. Diaspore counts underneath A. klaineanum adults (six trees per site) indicate that seed removal is severely reduced in the hunted forest. Finally, genetic maternity exclusion analysis (using 3–7 nuclear microsatellite loci) of maternally inherited endocarp tissue from diaspores collected under the canopies of 12 fruiting “mother” trees (six trees per site) revealed that seed dispersal in the hunted forest is also greatly reduced. In the hunted forest with reduced mammal dispersal agents, only 1 of the 53 assayed endocarps (2%) did not match the mother and was determined to be from a dispersed diaspore. By contrast, in the protected forest, 20 of the 48 assayed endocarps (42%) were from dispersed diaspores. This study provides strong evidence that loss of dispersal agents can lead to reduced seed removal and loss of seed dispersal, disrupting the seed dispersal cycle.