Contaminant Fate and Reactive Transport in Groundwater
Contaminant Fate and Reactive Transport in Groundwater
复制标题
地下水中污染物的归宿和反应性迁移
DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-9757-6_19
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
P. Grathwohl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Rolle;U. Maier;P. Grathwohl
了解地下水中决定污染物命运和运输的复杂、相互作用的过程是评估和预测清洁水、人类和生态受体的风险以及设计有效补救计划的主要挑战。不同的物理和生物地球化学过程，包括平流、水动力分散、溶解、吸附和生物降解，影响污染物在地下水系统等饱和多孔介质中的迁移。在本章中，概述了这些过程，并介绍了污染物迁移模型的基本理论，这是定量描述污染物在地下迁移的重要工具。对典型污染场景进行了数值模拟，主要目的是确定不同参数对污染物命运和迁移的影响，如横向分散性、污染源的厚度和强度、补给、生物降解速率和高渗透区通过流动聚焦增强混合。这些数值模拟得到了两个例子的补充，即从LNAPL来源的甲苯的反应性输运和现场研究，其中铵从泄漏的垃圾填埋场不断释放到下面的含水层。填埋场的主要过程已被定量地整合到二维反应输运模型的框架中。
Understanding the complex, interacting processes that determine the fate and transport of contaminants in groundwater is a major challenge for evaluating and predicting risks to clean water, human and ecological receptors and for designing effective remediation plans. Different physical and biogeochemical processes including advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, dissolution, sorption and biodegradation affect the migration of contaminants in saturated porous media like a groundwater system. In this chapter an overview of these processes is presented together with the basic theory on contaminant transport modeling, which represents an essential tool for a quantitative description of contaminant migration in the subsurface. Numerical simulations of typical contamination scenarios are presented, with the main goal of identifying the influence of different parameters on contaminant fate and transport such as transverse dispersivity, thickness and strength of the contamination source, recharge, biodegradation rates and mixing enhancement through flow focusing in high permeability zones. These numerical simulations are complemented by two examples, i.e. the reactive transport of toluene from a LNAPL source and a field study, where ammonium is continuously released from a leaking landfill to the underlying aquifer. The principal processes at the landfill site have been quantitatively integrated into the framework of a two-dimensional reactive transport model.