A NEW MODEL OF DIFFUSE BRAIN INJURY IN RATS .1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS
A NEW MODEL OF DIFFUSE BRAIN INJURY IN RATS .1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS
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DOI：
10.3171/jns.1994.80.2.0291
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发表时间：
1994-02-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
DEMETRIADOU, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MARMAROU, A;FODA, MAA;DEMETRIADOU, K
本报告描述了能够在啮齿动物中产生弥漫性脑损伤的实验性头部损伤模型的开发。总共 161 只成年大鼠被麻醉，使用一个简单的重量下降装置受伤，该装置由分段的黄铜重物通过有机玻璃导管自由落体组成。通过在颅骨上粘上一个小的不锈钢圆盘来防止颅骨骨折。对两组大鼠进行了测试：第 1 组由 54 只大鼠组成，用于建立骨折阈值；第 1 组由 54 只大鼠组成，用于确定骨折阈值。第 2 组由 107 只动物组成，以确定严重损伤水平下的主要原因。第 1 组动物的数据显示，从 2 米高处跌落 450 克重物（0.9 千克米）会导致 44% 的死亡率，而颅骨骨折的发生率较低（12.5%）。撞击后出现呼吸暂停、抽搐和中度高血压。幸存的大鼠出现前肢脱皮屈曲畸形，伴有行为抑郁和肌张力丧失。第 2 组动物的数据表明，死亡原因是中枢呼吸抑制；在撞击过程中机械通气的动物死亡率显着下降。数学模型分析表明，这种质量-高度组合导致大脑加速度为 900 G，大脑压缩梯度为 0.28 mm。结论是，这个简单的模型能够在啮齿动物中产生分级脑损伤，而不会出现大规模的高血压激增或过度的脑干损伤。
This report describes the development of an experimental head injury model capable of producing diffuse brain injury in the rodent. A total of 161 anesthetized adult rats were injured utilizing a simple weight-drop device consisting of a segmented brass weight free-falling through a Plexiglas guide tube. Skull fracture was prevented by cementing a small stainless-steel disc on the calvaria. Two groups of rats were tested: Group 1, consisting of 54 rats, to establish fracture threshold; and Group 2, consisting of 107 animals, to determine the primary cause of death at severe injury levels. Data from Group 1 animals showed that a 450-gm weight falling from a 2-m height (0.9 kg-m) resulted in a mortality rate of 44% with a low incidence (12.5%) of skull fracture. Impact was followed by apnea, convulsions, and moderate hypertension. The surviving rats developed decortication flexion deformity of the forelimbs, with behavioral depression and loss of muscle tone. Data from Group 2 animals suggested that the cause of death was due to central respiratory depression; the mortality rate decreased markedly in animals mechanically ventilated during the impact. Analysis of mathematical models showed that this mass-height combination resulted in a brain acceleration of 900 G and a brain compression gradient of 0.28 mm. lt is concluded that this simple model is capable of producing a graded brain injury in the rodent without a massive hypertensive surge or excessive brain-stem damage.