State of the epidemiological evidence on physical activity and cancer prevention
State of the epidemiological evidence on physical activity and cancer prevention
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.028
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Lynch, Brigid M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedenreich, Christine M.;Neilson, Heather K.;Lynch, Brigid M.
背景：体力活动是一种可改变的生活方式风险因素，有可能降低大多数主要癌症部位的风险。方法：我们研究了体力活动与结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜、肺、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、膀胱癌、睾丸癌、肾癌和血液癌的关系的强度、一致性、剂量反应和生物学可信程度。我们还估计了15个欧洲国家缺乏体育锻炼和患癌症的人群归因风险(PAR)。结果：有令人信服或可能的证据表明，体育锻炼对结肠癌、乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的风险有好处。卵巢癌、肺癌和前列腺癌的证据较弱，对于所有剩余的癌症通常要么无效，要么不足。一些假想的生物学机制包括，体育活动可能对胰岛素抵抗、身体成分、性类固醇激素产生影响，以及可能对维生素D、脂肪因子、炎症和免疫功能产生影响。仅在2008年，如果人们保持足够的体力活动水平，六大癌症(乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌)中的16.5万到33万例病例就可以在欧洲得到预防。结论：有强有力的和一致的证据表明，体力活动可以降低几个主要癌症部位的风险，在欧洲，9%到19%的癌症病例可以归因于缺乏足够的体力活动。公共卫生建议的体力活动和癌症预防一般建议每周至少进行5天30-60毫米的中等强度或剧烈运动。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Background: Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle risk factor that has the potential to reduce the risk of most major cancer sites.Methods: We examined the strength, consistency, dose-response and biological plausibility of an association between physical activity and risk of colon, breast, endometrium, lung, prostate, ovarian, gastric, rectal, pancreatic, bladder, testicular, kidney and haematological cancers. We also estimated the population-attributable risk (PAR) for physical inactivity and cancer in 15 European countries.Results: There is convincing or probable evidence for a beneficial effect of physical activity on the risk of colon, breast and endometrial cancers. The evidence is weaker for ovarian, lung and prostate cancers and generally either null or insufficient for all remaining cancers. Several hypothesised biological mechanisms include a likely effect of physical activity on insulin resistance, body composition, sex steroid hormones and a possible effect on vitamin D, adipokines, inflammation and immune function. Somewhere between 165,000 and 330,000 cases of the six major cancers (breast, colon, lung, prostate, endometrium and ovarian) could have been prevented in 2008 in Europe alone if the population had maintained sufficient levels of physical activity.Conclusion: There is strong and consistent evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of several of the major cancer sites, and that between 9% and 19% of cancer cases could be attributed to lack of sufficient physical activity in Europe. Public health recommendations for physical activity and cancer prevention generally suggest 30-60 mm of moderate or vigorous-intensity activity done at least 5 d per week. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.