Self-Enhancement Diminished
Self-Enhancement Diminished
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000105
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Krueger, Joachim I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heck, Patrick R.;Krueger, Joachim I.
自我增强是自我认知的积极偏差，这可能意味着错误。然而，传统的自我增强衡量标准是差异分数，无法区分积极偏见和自我增强错误，也就是说，它们无法识别那些对自己持有非理性或不准确积极看法的个人。我们提出了两种新措施来区分错误和偏见。在人格判断领域，我们根据个体与他人的实际和感知相似性来估计可辩护的偏差和增强误差。在绩效领域，我们采用决策理论框架来区分那些错误地认为自己比平均水平更好的人与那些实际上比平均水平更好的人。我们通过 3 项实证研究和计算机模拟来说明这些措施的特性。大多数人认为自己在各个方面都高于平均水平，这一比例高得令人难以置信。
Self-enhancement is a positive bias in self-perception, which may imply error. However, conventional measures of self-enhancement are difference scores that do not distinguish a positive bias from a self-enhancement error, that is, they fail to identify those individuals who hold an irrationally or inaccurately positive view of themselves. We propose 2 new measures to separate error from bias. In the domain of personality judgment, we estimate a defensible bias and an enhancement error from individuals' actual and perceived similarity with others. In the domain of performance, we adapt a decision-theoretic framework to distinguish those who falsely believe to be better than average from those who actually are better. We illustrate the properties of these measures in 3 empirical studies and computer simulations. Implausibly high majorities of people consider themselves to be above average on various dimensions.