Precision Livestock Farming and animal welfare: is the numerical revolution of agriculture able to take into account animals' and farmers' needs?
Precision Livestock Farming and animal welfare: is the numerical revolution of agriculture able to take into account animals' and farmers' needs?
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DOI：
10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.2.2478
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Hostiou, Nathalie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Veissier, Isabelle;Kling-Eveillard, Florence;Hostiou, Nathalie
精准畜牧技术的发展主要是为了通过应用自动化过程来监测动物及其环境，从而提高盈利能力并减少工作量。例如，检测发情可以及时授精，而检测早期跛行或营养状况不平衡，甚至畜舍中异常的环境参数，可以帮助快速采取补救措施。精准畜牧传感器生成的数据也可以支持动物福利。检测健康问题（例如乳腺炎、奶牛酮病）的系统可以成为福利管理的一部分。此外，也许更重要的是，一些精确畜牧设备直接或间接通过动物的位置基于动物行为检测：进食、反刍、休息、行走等所花费的时间。行为的细微变化可以指示动物的精神状态-反应过度与冷漠、社会孤立、日常活动节奏的变化、玩耍行为和梳理的减少，过度攻击性这些变化可能是由于疾病，压力，社会不稳定等导致的所有不适迹象。我们认为，精准畜牧技术提供了广泛的可能性，可以使用动物行为迹象来解决现代畜牧业中的动物福利，与健康状况，社会关系，人与动物关系或压力环境的更普遍影响相关的福利。目前，这些可能性还很少被探索，它们值得更多的研究。此外，精准畜牧业的使用正在改变农民的工作，并可能改变他们与动物的互动。如果一个人想与农民和谐地充分解决动物的福利问题，那么动物就必须保持在关注的中心。
Precision Livestock Farming techniques have been developed essentially to increase profitability and reduce workload by applying automatic processes to monitor animals and their environment. For instance detecting oestrus allows timely insemination, while detecting lameness at an early stage or imbalance in the nutritional status or even abnormal ambiance parameters in the barn can help take remedial actions quickly. The data generated by Precision Livestock Farming sensors could also support animal welfare. A system detecting health problems (e.g. mastitis, ketosis in dairycows)can be part of welfare management. In addition and maybe more importantly, some Precision Livestock Farming devices are based on animal behaviour detection directly, or indirectly through the position of animals: time spent feeding, ruminating, resting, walking, etc. Subtle changes in behaviour can indicate the mental state of an animal hyper-reactivity vs. apathy, social isolation, changes in the daily rhythm of activity, reduction in play behaviour and grooming, hyper-agressivity. These changes can be all signs of malaise due to disease, stress, social instability, etc. We argue that Precision Livestock Farming techniques offer a wide range of possibilities to use animal behavioural signs to address animal welfare in modern livestock farming, be the welfare related to health status, social relations, human-animal relationship or more general effects of a stressful environment. At present, these possibilities have been little explored, and they deserve more research. In addition, the use of Precision Livestock Farming is changing farmers' work and potentially their interactions with animals. It is necessary that the animals remain at the centre of attention if one wants to address adequately their welfare in harmony with the farmer.