Dietary protein, cholesterol and atherosclerosis: a review of the early history.
Dietary protein, cholesterol and atherosclerosis: a review of the early history.
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/125.suppl_3.589s
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发表时间：
1995-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Kritchevsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Kritchevsky
1908年，Ignatowski对实验性动脉粥样硬化进行了第一次纯粹的营养调查。他相信动物蛋白质的有毒代谢物会导致动脉粥样硬化，于是给成年兔子喂肉，给断奶的兔子喂牛奶和蛋黄，结果导致了动脉粥样硬化。在接下来的二十年里，许多实验室的实验努力都是针对确定哪种动物蛋白质（如果有的话）是最易致动脉粥样硬化的。1912年发现饮食中胆固醇本身是动脉粥样硬化的，将注意力转向脂肪和胆固醇，使饮食蛋白质的研究黯然失色。1926年，克拉克森和纽堡指出，他们所喂养的动物蛋白质中的胆固醇含量不足以引起动脉粥样硬化，这表明除了脂质之外，还有其他因素决定了动脉粥样硬化的发生。1940年，米克尔和凯斯滕发现动物蛋白（酪蛋白）比植物蛋白（大豆）更易致动脉粥样硬化。卡罗尔和他的同事们发现，大多数动物来源的蛋白质比植物来源的蛋白质更容易引起兔子的胆固醇血症，尽管它们之间有一些重叠。与喂食大豆蛋白的兔子相比，喂食酪蛋白的兔子胆固醇周转较慢，粪便中胆固醇的排泄减少。这种影响的机制尚不明确。
The first purely nutritional investigation into experimental atherosclerosis was carried out by Ignatowski in 1908. Believing that a toxic metabolite of animal protein led to atherosclerosis, he fed meat to adult rabbits and milk and egg yolk to weanling rabbits and caused atherosclerosis. For the next two decades experimental efforts from many laboratories were directed at determining which, if any, animal protein was the most atherogenic. The discovery in 1912 that dietary cholesterol per se was atherogenic turned attention to fat and cholesterol, eclipsing work on dietary protein. In 1926 Clarkson and Newburgh showed that the amount of cholesterol present in the animal protein they fed was insufficient to be atherogenic, demonstrating that some factor other than lipid determined atherogenicity. In 1940 Meeker and Kesten showed that animal protein (casein) was more atherogenic that plant protein (soy). Carroll and his co-workers showed that most proteins of animal origin were more cholesterolemic for rabbits than were proteins of vegetable origin, although there was some overlap. Cholesterol turnover is slower and fecal excretion of cholesterol is reduced in rabbits fed casein as opposed to those fed soy protein. The mechanisms underlying this effect are moot.