Focus System of Mayrinax Atayal: A Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic Perspective
Focus System of Mayrinax Atayal: A Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic Perspective
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泰雅语的焦点系统：句法、语义和语用的视角
DOI：
10.6210/jntnull.2001.46.04
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Huang
泰雅语是台湾的一种语言，由两个主要分支组成：Squliq和C?uli?。本文试图从句法、语义和语用三个方面对泰雅族语的焦点系统进行分析。苗栗州泰安乡金水村的方言。这里所说的“焦点系统”是指主语（即焦点名词短语）和动词之间的一种一致系统，尽管它们之间没有人称、性别或数字的一致。这种协议系统是许多西南岛语言共有的特征之一。在泰雅语中，诸如m-、ma-、si-、-um-、-an、-anay、-ani、-aw、-ay、-i、-un和O等词缀构成了焦点系统的基础。在句法分布上，即句子是陈述句还是祈使句、肯定句还是否定句、代理焦点（AF）还是非代理焦点（NAF）、现实句还是非现实句，都使用了上述不同的词缀。例如，AF标记m-， ma-， -um-和O用于肯定陈述句，而O用于祈使句和/或否定句；m-, ma-, -um-， O和m-/ma-/-um-…-ay在AF结构中使用，而其他的在NAF结构中使用。在语义上，表现不同程度动态（或静态）事件的动词用不同的焦点标记。例如，m-和-um-表示动态性较高的动词，而ma-和O表示动态性较低甚至静态的动词，它们构成了一个动态-静态连续体。在语用上，所涉及的代理参与者是单独的讲话者、讲话者和被讲话者还是第三方，以及粒子quw/qi？无论是否存在，包含投射焦点标记的结构都可能传达不同的含义，例如说话者或参与者的意愿、建议或义务、禁止或请求，以及即时性的语义。
Atayal, one of the Formosan languages, consists of two major subgroups: Squliq and C?uli?. The present paper attempts to present a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis of the focus system of Mayrinax Atayal, a C?uli? dialect spoken in Chinshui Village, Taian Hsiang, Miaoli Prefecture. The term 'focus system' used here refers to a kind of agreement system between the subject (i.e. the focused noun phrase) and the verb, though showing no person, gender or number agreement between them. Such an agreement system is one of the characteristics shared by many western Austronesian languages. In Mayrinax Atayal, verbal affixes such as m-, ma-, si-, -um-, -an, -anay, -ani, -aw, -ay, -i, -un and O form the basis of the focus system. In terms of syntactic distribution, i.e. whether sentences are declarative or imperative, affirmative or negative, agent focus (AF) or non-agent focus (NAF), and/or realis or irrealis, different affixes named above are used. For example, AF markers m-, ma-, -um- and O are used in affirmative declarative sentences while O is used in imperative and/or negative sentences; m-, ma-, -um-, O and m-/ma-/-um- … -ay are used in AF constructions while the others are used in NAF constructions. Semantically, verbs manifesting events of different degrees of dynamicity (or stativity) are marked with different focus markers. For instance, m- and -um- mark verbs of higher dynamicity whereas ma- and O designate verbs of lower dynamicity and even of stativity, all of which constitute a dynamic-stative continuum then. Pragmatically, whether the involved agent participant(s) is the addresser alone, the addresser and the addressee, or a third party, and whether the particle quw/qi? is present or not, structures containing projective focus markers may convey varying meanings, such as the addresser's or the involved participant's volition, suggestion or obligation, forbiddance or request, as well as the semantics of immediacy.
阿美语的名词、动词和静态体（台湾）
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Imanishi;Kazuhiro
通讯作者：
Kazuhiro