Non-coding RNAs in epithelial immunity to Cryptosporidium infection.
Non-coding RNAs in epithelial immunity to Cryptosporidium infection.
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非编码RNA在对隐孢子虫感染的上皮免疫中的作用
DOI：
10.1017/s0031182014000614
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发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Chen XM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou R;Feng Y;Chen XM
摘要隐孢子虫属是一种原生动物寄生虫，感染胃肠道上皮细胞，导致世界范围内的胃肠道疾病。它是导致2岁以下儿童中度至重度腹泻的最常见病原体之一。由于隐孢子虫感染的“微创”性质，粘膜上皮细胞对宿主的抗隐孢子虫免疫至关重要。胃肠道上皮细胞不仅提供对隐孢子虫感染的第一和最快速的防御，它们还将免疫效应细胞动员到感染部位以激活适应性免疫。基因组学研究的最新进展揭示了哺乳动物细胞中存在大量的非蛋白质编码RNA转录物，即非编码RNA（ncRNA）。一些ncRNA可能是多种生物学功能的关键调节因子，包括先天免疫应答。具体而言，ncRNA可以在隐孢子虫感染后的先天免疫网络的每个步骤调节上皮免疫应答，包括抗微生物分子的产生、细胞因子/趋化因子的表达、上皮细胞来源的外来体的释放和免疫稳态的反馈调节。本文简要综述了隐孢子虫天然免疫中ncRNA调控的研究进展，重点介绍了microRNA相关的上皮免疫应答。
SUMMARY Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelium and causes diarrhoeal disease worldwide. It is one of the most common pathogens responsible for moderate to severe diarrhoea in children younger than 2 years. Because of the ‘minimally invasive’ nature of Cryptosporidium infection, mucosal epithelial cells are critical to the host's anti-Cryptosporidium immunity. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells not only provide the first and most rapid defence against Cryptosporidium infection, they also mobilize immune effector cells to the infection site to activate adaptive immunity. Recent advances in genomic research have revealed the existence of a large number of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts, so called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in mammalian cells. Some ncRNAs may be key regulators for diverse biological functions, including innate immune responses. Specifically, ncRNAs may modulate epithelial immune responses at every step of the innate immune network following Cryptosporidium infection, including production of antimicrobial molecules, expression of cytokines/chemokines, release of epithelial cell-derived exosomes, and feedback regulation of immune homoeostasis. This review briefly summarizes the current science on ncRNA regulation of innate immunity to Cryptosporidium, with a focus on microRNA-associated epithelial immune responses.