Out of Sight but Not Out of Mind? Behavioral Coordination in Red-Tailed Sportive Lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus)
Out of Sight but Not Out of Mind? Behavioral Coordination in Red-Tailed Sportive Lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-011-9551-6
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hilgartner, Roland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fichtel, Claudia;Zucchini, Walter;Hilgartner, Roland
许多动物被组织成社会群体，并且必须同步它们的活动以保持群体凝聚力。虽然活动预算，栖息地的限制，和组属性可能会影响行为的同步性，很少有人知道一个组的成员如何达成共识的活动，如觅食回合的时间。博弈论预测，当一起觅食有优势时，成对的伙伴应该同步他们的活动。作为这种同步的结果，两个玩家的能量储备的差异自发地发展，并且具有较低储备的个体作为同步的起搏器出现。在这里，我们研究了行为的同步性对生活，夜间活动，红尾运动狐猴（Lepilemur ruficaudatus）。我们观察了8对连续千分之一日元1年的生殖周期在Kirindy森林，马达加斯加西部。在重点观察期间，一名观察员跟踪一对雌性，同时另一名观察员跟踪雄性。我们通过瞬时采样每5分钟记录一次焦点个体的位置和行为状态。虽然行为的同步对合作伙伴似乎主要是由于内源性活动模式，他们积极同步时，他们在视觉接触（< 10米）。然而，红尾运动狐猴只有15%的时间能从同步活动中受益，当它们靠近时。缺乏一个早期预警系统的捕食者和弱支持的利益，通过社会信息传递结合精力充沛的限制，可以解释为什么红尾狐猴不花更多的时间在一起，从而获得行为同步的好处。
Many animals are organized into social groups and have to synchronize their activities to maintain group cohesion. Although activity budgets, habitat constraints, and group properties may impact on behavioural synchrony, little is known regarding how members of a group reach a consensus on the timing of activities such as foraging bouts. Game theory predicts that pair partners should synchronize their activities when there is an advantage of foraging together. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players develop spontaneously and the individual with lower reserves emerges as a pacemaker of the synchrony. Here, we studied the behavioral synchrony of pair-living, nocturnal, red-tailed sportive lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus). We observed 8 pairs continuously for a parts per thousand yen1 annual reproductive cycle in Kirindy Forest, Western Madagascar. During focal observations, one observer followed the female of a pair and, simultaneously, another observer followed the male. We recorded the location and behavioral state of the focal individual every 5 min via instantaneous sampling. Although behavioral synchrony of pair partners appeared to be due mainly to endogenous activity patterns, they actively synchronized when they were in visual contact (< 10 m). Nevertheless, red-tailed sportive lemurs benefit from synchronizing their activity only for 15% of the time, when they are close together. The lack of an early warning system for predators and weak support for benefits via social information transfer in combination with energetic constraints may explain why red-tailed sportive lemurs do not spend more time together and thus reap the benefits of behavioral synchrony.