A dietary approach to prevent hypertension: A review of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study
A dietary approach to prevent hypertension: A review of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study
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DOI：
10.1002/clc.4960221503
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Karanja, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sacks, FM;Appel, LJ;Karanja, N
背景 主要吃素食的人群比吃杂食的人群血压水平较低。流行病学研究结果表明，吃水果和蔬菜可以降低血压。假设：测试了两个假设：(1) 大量摄入水果和蔬菜可以降低血压，(2) 整体饮食模式（称为 DASH 饮食或 DASH 组合饮食）富含水果、蔬菜、坚果和低脂乳制品，强调鱼和鸡肉而不是红肉，并且摄入量较低 饱和脂肪、胆固醇、糖和精制碳水化合物可降低血压。方法：参与者为 459 名未经治疗的成年人，收缩压 < 160 mmHg，舒张压 80-95 mmHg。经过 3 周的美国人典型的对照饮食磨合后，他们被随机分为 8 周，接受对照饮食、富含水果和蔬菜的饮食或 DASH 饮食。参与者吃所有的食物，体重和钠摄入量保持恒定。在诊所和 24 小时动态监测中测量血压。 结果：DASH 饮食使总组的收缩压显着降低了 5.5/3.0 mmHg，非裔美国人显着降低了 6.9/3.7 mmHg，白种人显着降低了 3.3/2.4 mmHg，高血压患者显着降低了 11.6/5.3 mmHg，非高血压患者显着降低了 11.6/5.3 mmHg。 3.5/2.2 毫米汞柱。水果和蔬菜饮食也降低了同一亚组的血压，但程度较小。 DASH 饮食在白天和晚上都能同样降低血压。结论：DASH 饮食可以为高血压患者提供药物治疗的替代方案，并且作为一种人群方法，可以预防高血压，尤其是非裔美国人。
Background Populations eating mainly vegetarian diets have lower blood pressure levels than those eating omnivorous diets. Epidemiologic findings suggest that eating fruits and vegetables lowers blood pressure.Hypothesis: Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that high intake of fruits and vegetables lowers blood pressure, and (2) that an overall dietary pattern (known as the DASH diet, or DASH combination diet) that is high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and low-fat dairy products, emphasizes fish and chicken rather than red meat, and is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, sugar, and refined carbohydrate lowers blood pressure.Methods: Participants were 459 adults with untreated systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 80-95 mmHg. After a 3-week run-in on a control diet typical of Americans, they were randomized to 8 weeks receiving either the control diet, or a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, or the DASH diet. The participants were given all of their foods to eat, and body weight and sodium intake were held constant. Blood pressure was measured at the clinic and by 24-h ambulatory monitoring.Results: The DASH diet lowered systolic blood pressure significantly in the total group by 5.5/3.0 mmHg, in African Americans by 6.9/3.7 mmHg, in Caucasians by 3.3/2.4 mmHg, in hypertensives by 11.6/5.3 mmHg, and in nonhypertensives by 3.5/2.2 mmHg. The fruits and vegetables diet also reduced blood pressure in the same subgroups, but to a lesser extent. The DASH diet lowered blood pressure similarly throughout the day and night.Conclusions: The DASH diet may offer an alternative to drug therapy in hypertensives and, as a population approach, may prevent hypertension, particularly in African Americans.