Taxonomy and Evolution of the Cotton Genus, Gossypium
Taxonomy and Evolution of the Cotton Genus, Gossypium
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DOI：
10.2134/agronmonogr57.2013.0020
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Wendel;C. Grover
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Wendel;C. Grover
本文综述了棉属植物的分类及其进化历史。棉属植物有50多种，包括最近发现的几种，分布在热带和亚热带的干旱至半干旱地区。棉属植物的多样性是由两个看似不可能的过程促进的：跨洋、长距离传播和目前在地理上广泛分离的谱系之间的广泛杂交。其中包括四个因其种子纤维而被独立驯化的物种——两个来自非洲和亚洲的二倍体和两个来自美洲的异源多倍体。这种对不同野生祖先的重复驯化代表了人类驱动的平行进化的一个显著案例。棉属植物形态变异广泛；该属的生长形式从蔓生草本多年生植物到？15米高的树木，代表了一系列显著的生殖和营养特征。同样令人印象深刻的是，随着棉的多样化和在世界范围内的传播，出现了惊人的细胞遗传学和基因组多样性，最终产生了8组密切相关的二倍体（n = 13）物种（即基因组组A到G和K）。DNA序列数据表明棉属植物的起源大约在500万至1000万年前（mya），此后不久迅速分化成这些主要的基因组群。异源多倍体棉花出现在最近的100万到200万年间，这是一个a基因组分类群不可思议地越洋扩散到新大陆，并随后与本土的D基因组二倍体杂交的结果。新生异源多倍体的多样化产生了包含7种的3个现代谱系，包括具有重要农学意义的G. hirsutum L.和G. barbadense L.。
We present an overview of the taxonomy of Gossypium L. (the cotton genus) and its evolutionary history. Gossypium contains more than 50 recognized species, including several recently described, distributed in arid to semiarid regions of the tropics and subtropics. Diversity in Gossypium has been promoted by two seemingly unlikely processes: transoceanic, long-distance dispersal and wide hybridization among lineages that presently are widely separated geographically. Included are four species that were independently domesticated for their seed fiber—two diploids from Africa–Asia and two allopolyploids from the Americas. This repeated domestication of different wild progenitors represents a remarkable case of human-driven parallel evolution. Morphological variation in Gossypium is extensive; growth forms in the genus range from sprawling herbaceous perennials to ?15-m-tall trees, representing a notable array of reproductive and vegetative characteristics. Equally impressive is the striking cytogenetic and genomic diversity that emerged as Gossypium diversified and spread worldwide, ultimately spawning eight groups of closely related diploid (n = 13) species (i.e., genome groups A through G, and K). DNA sequence data place the origin of Gossypium at about 5 to 10 million years ago (mya), which rapidly diversified into these major genome groups shortly thereafter. Allopolyploid cottons appeared within the last 1 to 2 million years, a consequence of the improbable transoceanic dispersal of an A genome taxon to the New World and subsequent hybridization with an indigenous D genome diploid. Diversification of the nascent allopolyploid gave rise to three modern lineages containing seven species, including the agronomically important G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.