Detoxification of organophosphate nerve agents by bacterial phosphotriesterase.
Detoxification of organophosphate nerve agents by bacterial phosphotriesterase.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.taap.2005.02.025
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Raushel, Frank M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghanem, Eman;Raushel, Frank M
有机磷酸盐已被广泛用作杀虫剂和化学战剂。与这些制剂相关的健康风险使得有必要开发更好的解毒和生物修复工具。细菌酶能够水解致命的有机磷神经毒剂是特别感兴趣的。从土壤细菌Pseudomonas diminuta中分离的磷酸三酯酶（PTE）对有机磷酸酯的水解表现出显著的速率增强和底物混杂性。PTE活性位点的定向进化和合理重新设计导致鉴定出具有增强催化效率和立体选择性的新变体，以水解有机磷神经毒素。PTE已被用于防止体内有机磷中毒。PTE在杀虫剂和化学战剂检测和净化方面的生物技术应用正在发展成为有用的工具。本文综述了该酶的催化性能及其潜在的应用前景。
Organophosphates have been widely used as insecticides and chemical warfare agents. The health risks associated with these agents have necessitated the need for better detoxification and bioremediation tools. Bacterial enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the lethal organophosphate nerve agents are of special interest. Phosphotriesterase (PTE) isolated from the soil bacteria Pseudomonas diminuta displays a significant rate enhancement and substrate promiscuity for the hydrolysis of organophosphate triesters. Directed evolution and rational redesign of the active site of PTE have led to the identification of new variants with enhanced catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity toward the hydrolysis of organophosphate neurotoxins. PTE has been utilized to protect against organophosphate poisoning in vivo. Biotechnological applications of PTE for detection and decontamination of insecticides and chemical warfare agents are developing into useful tools. In this review, the catalytic properties and potential applications of this remarkable enzyme are discussed.