On the tidal evolution of Hot Jupiters on inclined orbits

On the tidal evolution of Hot Jupiters on inclined orbits
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倾斜轨道上热木星的潮汐演化

DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14694.x
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Barker A
Barker A
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barker A

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潮汐摩擦被认为对于确定短周期太阳系外行星系统的长期自旋轨道演化非常重要。利用潮汐摩擦的轨道平均效应的一个简单模型,我们研究了倾斜轨道上的近距离行星的演化,由于潮汐。我们分析了恒星磁制动的影响,包括制动力矩通过执行一个简化的方程组的相平面分析。磁制动的列入被认为是重要的,它的忽视可能会导致一个非常不同的系统的历史。然后,我们给出了潮汐演化方程的数值积分结果,其中我们发现,它是必要的考虑耦合演化的轨道和旋转元素,包括耗散在星星和行星,以准确地模拟的演变。潮汐摩擦使恒星的自转与轨道在相似的时间上对齐,因为它导致轨道衰减。这告诉我们,如果一颗行星被观察到是排成一行的,那么它可能是共面形成的。这强化了罗西特-麦克劳克林效应观测在确定凌日系统自旋轨道对准程度方面的重要性。我们将这些结果应用于唯一观测到的具有自旋轨道对准度的系统XO-3,并限制了该系统中星星和行星的潮汐耗散效率(即修改的潮汐质量因子Q ')。利用一个模型,其中的惯性波被激发的潮汐强迫的外部对流信封和耗散的湍流粘性,我们计算了一系列的F星模型的Q ′,并发现它在这类恒星有很大的变化。这意味着使用一个Q ′,并假设它适用于所有恒星,可能是不正确的。此外,我们提出了一个解释的生存的两个行星的最紧密的轨道,WASP-12 B和OGLE-TR-56 B,在弱耗散的星星,由于其内部结构和缓慢的旋转周期。
Tidal friction is thought to be important in determining the long-term spin-orbit evolution of short-period extrasolar planetary systems. Using a simple model of the orbit-averaged effects of tidal friction, we study the evolution of close-in planets on inclined orbits, due to tides. We analyse the effects of the inclusion of stellar magnetic braking by performing a phase-plane analysis of a simplified system of equations, including the braking torque. The inclusion of magnetic braking is found to be important, and its neglect can result in a very different system history. We then present the results of numerical integrations of the tidal evolution equations, where we find that it is essential to consider coupled evolution of the orbital and rotational elements, including dissipation in both the star and planet, to accurately model the evolution.The main result of our integrations is that for typical Hot Jupiters, tidal friction aligns the stellar spin with the orbit on a similar time as it causes the orbit to decay. This tells us that if a planet is observed to be aligned, then it probably formed coplanar. This reinforces the importance of Rossiter–McLaughlin effect observations in determining the degree of spin-orbit alignment in transiting systems.We apply these results to the only observed system with a spin-orbit misalignment, XO-3, and constrain the efficiency of tidal dissipation (i.e. the modified tidal quality factorsQ′) in both the star and the planet in this system. Using a model in which inertial waves are excited by tidal forcing in the outer convective envelope and dissipated by turbulent viscosity, we calculateQ′ for a range of F-star models, and find it to vary considerably within this class of stars. This means that using a singleQ′, and assuming that it applies to all stars, is probably incorrect. In addition, we propose an explanation for the survival of two of the planets on the tightest orbits, WASP-12 b and OGLE-TR-56 b, in terms of weak dissipation in the star, as a result of their internal structures and slow rotation periods.
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凌日偏心行星 HD 17156b 中可能存在的自旋轨道错误
DOI: --
发表时间: 2008
期刊: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 60
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