Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation.
Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation.
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0029-1237117
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Dinges DF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goel N;Rao H;Durmer JS;Dinges DF
睡眠剥夺与相当大的社会、经济和健康相关成本有关，在很大程度上是因为它会导致认知能力受损，这是由于睡眠倾向增加和清醒时神经行为功能的不稳定。特别受睡眠不足影响的认知功能包括精神运动和认知速度、警惕和执行注意力、工作记忆和更高的认知能力。慢性睡眠限制实验——模拟了许多因疾病和生活方式导致的睡眠破碎和过早睡眠减少的个体所经历的睡眠缺失——证明了认知缺陷随着时间的推移而积累到严重程度，而受影响的个体却没有完全意识到。功能性神经影像学显示，频繁且逐渐延长的认知缺失是睡眠剥夺的标志，涉及大脑区域的分布变化，包括额叶和顶叶控制区、次级感觉处理区和丘脑区。个体对睡眠缺失的认知脆弱性程度存在显著差异，这可能涉及前额叶和顶叶皮层的差异，这可能与调节睡眠稳态和昼夜节律的基因有关。因此，认知缺陷被认为是临床睡眠障碍严重程度的一个功能，可能是与睡眠缺失的不同认知易感性相关的基因等位基因的产物。
Sleep deprivation is associated with considerable social, financial, and health-related costs, in large measure because it produces impaired cognitive performance due to increasing sleep propensity and instability of waking neurobehavioral functions. Cognitive functions particularly affected by sleep loss include psychomotor and cognitive speed, vigilant and executive attention, working memory, and higher cognitive abilities. Chronic sleep-restriction experiments—which model the kind of sleep loss experienced by many individuals with sleep fragmentation and premature sleep curtailment due to disorders and lifestyle—demonstrate that cognitive deficits accumulate to severe levels over time without full awareness by the affected individual. Functional neuroimaging has revealed that frequent and progressively longer cognitive lapses, which are a hallmark of sleep deprivation, involve distributed changes in brain regions including frontal and parietal control areas, secondary sensory processing areas, and thalamic areas. There are robust differences among individuals in the degree of their cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss that may involve differences in prefrontal and parietal cortices, and that may have a basis in genes regulating sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythms. Thus, cognitive deficits believed to be a function of the severity of clinical sleep disturbance may be a product of genetic alleles associated with differential cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss.