Microclimate and the Zoonotic Cycle of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Switzerland
Microclimate and the Zoonotic Cycle of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Switzerland
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DOI：
10.1603/me10180
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Gern, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burri, C.;Bastic, V.;Gern, L.
蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV;黄病毒科，黄病毒）的焦点分布似乎主要取决于受感染的蓖麻硬蜱之间的共食传播。未感染的幼虫。为了更好地了解蜱虫在TBEV传播中的作用，我们调查了啮齿动物的蜱虫感染和小气候对季节性的影响。蓖麻蜱。在四个地点进行了为期3年的研究，包括两个确认的TBEV病灶。每月收集自由生活的蜱虫和啮齿动物，并记录小气候数据。在2007年，观察到的寻踪若虫密度下降，与低相对湿度和春季高温。一个网站，图恩，没有显示这种减少，可能是因为在春天的小气候条件，有利于寻找若虫人口。在同一年中，啮齿动物携带的比例cofeeding蜱是较低的，在网站上寻找若虫密度下降，虽然感染的主机的比例是相似的几年。TBEV在0.1%的求索蜱中检测到，在8.6%和50.0%的以两种啮齿动物为食的蜱幼虫中检测到。TBEV检测在所有，但一个网站，那里的比例与共食蜱的主机是最低的。宿主与共食蜱的比例似乎是区分TBEV焦点与非TBEV焦点的因素之一。当连续几年出现干热泉时，TBEV的流行周期可能被打乱。
The focal distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) appears to depend mainly on cofeeding transmission between infected Ixodes ricinus L. nymphs and uninfected larvae. To better understand the role of cofeeding ticks in the transmission of TBEV, we investigated tick infestation of rodents and the influence of microclimate on the seasonality of questing I. ricinus ticks. A 3-yr study was carried out at four sites, including two confirmed TBEV foci. Free-living ticks and rodents were collected monthly, and microclimatic data were recorded. A decrease in questing nymph density was observed in 2007, associated with low relative humidity and high temperatures in spring. One site, Thun, did not show this decrease, probably because of microclimatic conditions in spring that favored the questing nymph population. During the same year, the proportion of rodents carrying cofeeding ticks was lower at sites where the questing nymph density decreased, although the proportion of infested hosts was similar among years. TBEV was detected in 0.1% of questing ticks, and in 8.6 and 50.0% of larval ticks feeding on two rodents. TBEV was detected at all but one site, where the proportion of hosts with cofeeding ticks was the lowest. The proportion of hosts with cofeeding ticks seemed to be one of the factors that distinguished a TBEV focus from a non-TBEV focus. The enzootic cycle of TBEV might be disrupted when dry and hot springs occur during consecutive years.