Spontaneous ignition of hydrogen leaks: A review of postulated mechanisms
Spontaneous ignition of hydrogen leaks: A review of postulated mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.04.005
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Hawksworth, S. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Astbury, G. R.;Hawksworth, S. J.
上个世纪，已有关于高压氢气泄漏无明显原因着火的报道，并提出了几种点火机制。尽管许多泄漏已经着火，但也有报告称发生未着火的泄漏。在没有明显点火源的情况下对点火的调查往往是肤浅的，假设的机制虽然似乎满足释放时的普遍条件，但根本经不起严格的科学分析。其中一些提出的机制已在实验室中在表面上相同的条件下进行了模拟，并且显得严谨和科学，但模拟的条件通常没有相同的大释放速率或数量，这主要是由于实验室的物理限制。此外，在实验室中进行或模拟的一些释放场景完全脱离了大多数实际泄漏的实际情况。显然，对于氢气释放的确切点火机制的了解还存在差距，特别是在未来储存和使用中可能涉及的高压下。过去提出的机制有逆焦耳-汤姆逊效应、静电荷产生、扩散点火、突然绝热压缩和热表面点火。其中，有些是通过计算机模拟而不是通过实际实验来表征的，因此未经验证。因此，理论、已知已点燃的释放和已知未点燃的释放之间存在差异。由此，已经确定了值得进一步研究的假设点火机制，并强调了信息差距。因此，未来研究氢气逸出的点燃潜力的方向已经确定。 (C) 2007 年国际氢能协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Over the last century, there have been reports of high pressure hydrogen leaks igniting for no apparent reason, and several ignition mechanisms have been proposed. Although many leaks have ignited, there are also reported leaks where no ignition has occurred. Investigations of ignitions where no apparent ignition source was present have often been superficial, with a mechanism postulated which, whilst appearing to satisfy the conditions prevailing at the time of the release, simply does not stand up to rigorous scientific analysis. Some of these proposed mechanisms have been simulated in a laboratory under superficially identical conditions and appear to be rigorous and scientific, but the simulated conditions often do not have the same large release rates or quantities, mainly because of physical constraints of a laboratory. Also, some of the release scenarios carried out or simulated in laboratories are totally divorced from the realistic situation of most actual leaks. Clearly there are gaps in the knowledge of the exact ignition mechanism for releases of hydrogen, particularly at the high pressures likely to be involved in future storage and use. Mechanisms which have been proposed in the past are the reverse Joule-Thomson effect, electrostatic charge generation, diffusion ignition, sudden adiabatic compression, and hot surface ignition. Of these, some have been characterised by means of computer simulation rather than by actual experiment, and hence are not validated. Consequently there are discrepancies between the theories, releases known to have ignited, and releases which are known to have not ignited. From this, postulated ignition mechanisms which are worthy of further study have been identified, and the gaps in information have been highlighted. As a result, the direction for future research into the potential for ignition of hydrogen escapes has been identified. (C) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.