EquiFACS: The Equine Facial Action Coding System
EquiFACS: The Equine Facial Action Coding System
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0131738
复制
发表时间：
2015-08-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McComb, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wathan, Jen;Burrows, Anne M.;McComb, Karen
尽管之前对马的研究已经调查了它们在特定环境下的面部表情，例如痛苦，到目前为止，还没有可用的方法来记录马所有可能的面部运动，并提供一种记录所有潜在面部配置的方法。这对于在反映不同情绪状态的一系列背景下客观描述马的面部表情至关重要。面部动作编码系统 (FACS) 提供了一种基于底层面部肌肉组织和肌肉运动来识别和编码面部表情的系统方法。 FACS 以解剖学为基础，记录所有可能的面部运动，而不是与特定情况相关的运动配置。因此，FACS 可以作为解决广泛研究问题的工具。我们通过对底层肌肉组织的解剖学研究以及对高质量视频中捕获的自然发生行为的后续分析，为家马（Equus caballus）开发了 FACS。与之前的 FACS 系统相对应，根据潜在的肌肉收缩来识别和描述离散的面部运动。其他人能够学习该系统（EquiFACS）并一致地编码行为序列的可靠性很高，其中包括以前没有马经验的人。人们发现了各种各样的面部动作，其中许多也出现在灵长类动物和其他家畜（狗和猫）身上。 EquiFACS 提供了一种方法，现在可用于记录与不同社会背景相关的面部运动，从而解决与理解社会认知和比较心理学相关的问题，并为当前的兽医和动物福利实践提供信息。
Although previous studies of horses have investigated their facial expressions in specific contexts, e.g. pain, until now there has been no methodology available that documents all the possible facial movements of the horse and provides a way to record all potential facial configurations. This is essential for an objective description of horse facial expressions across a range of contexts that reflect different emotional states. Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS) provide a systematic methodology of identifying and coding facial expressions on the basis of underlying facial musculature and muscle movement. FACS are anatomically based and document all possible facial movements rather than a configuration of movements associated with a particular situation. Consequently, FACS can be applied as a tool for a wide range of research questions. We developed FACS for the domestic horse (Equus caballus) through anatomical investigation of the underlying musculature and subsequent analysis of naturally occurring behaviour captured on high quality video. Discrete facial movements were identified and described in terms of the underlying muscle contractions, in correspondence with previous FACS systems. The reliability of others to be able to learn this system (EquiFACS) and consistently code behavioural sequences was high-and this included people with no previous experience of horses. A wide range of facial movements were identified, including many that are also seen in primates and other domestic animals (dogs and cats). EquiFACS provides a method that can now be used to document the facial movements associated with different social contexts and thus to address questions relevant to understanding social cognition and comparative psychology, as well as informing current veterinary and animal welfare practices.