The Problem with Disagreement on Social Media
The Problem with Disagreement on Social Media
复制标题
社交媒体上的分歧问题
DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780192893338.003.0015
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Elizabeth Edenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elizabeth Edenberg
难以解决的政治分歧有可能破坏我们建立政治共同体的共同基础。社交媒体塑造政治参与的方式在一定程度上加剧了社会分歧。社交媒体让我们把自己分成越来越志同道合的群体，消费来自不同来源的信息，最终陷入两极分化和孤立的回音室。为了解决这个问题，许多人主张培养更负责任的认识能动性的各种方法。本章认为，这种认识的透镜并不能揭示全貌，因此错过了一种道德尊重的形式，这种尊重是在一个分裂的社会中重建合作所必需的。网络话语的崩溃提供了新的理由，为不同公民之间的政治合作提供了一个道德基础，而不是一个认识基础。我们需要培养对同胞的相互尊重，以便为政治辩论重新建立共同的道德基础。当代政治话语常常让人感觉像是截然相反的世界观之间的战场。今天，我们难以解决的分歧以令人讨厌的方式浮出水面，持续威胁着我们建立政治共同体的基础。使道德问题上更广泛的分歧复杂化的是对我们世界基本事实达成一致的新挑战（卡佩尔2017，2018; SinnottArmstrong 2018）。这种分裂在很大程度上是由我们获取信息的新方式所推动的，即通过越来越多的数字手段来向我们展示我们想要看到的东西。社交媒体让我们把自己分成越来越多的志同道合的群体，他们从不同的来源消费信息，最终进入我们自己制造的两极分化和孤立的回声室。作为回应，许多人呼吁开展新的社交媒体扫盲运动，标记可疑的新闻来源，增加事实核查，以及其他纠正网上传播的不准确信息的方法（Crowell 2017; Mosseri 2017; Breakstone et al. 2019; Tugend 2020）。这些方法试图通过提高我们负责任地评估在线信息的认知能力来弥合政治分歧。哲学家们也开始对这个问题进行权衡，诊断出难以解决的政治分歧背后的更深层次的认识失误，并提出纠正它们的方法（Lynch 2016和2019; Rini 2017;卡佩尔2017; Cassam 2019）。这些方法的共同点是，问题和解决方案都植根于认识论：网上的政治分歧是一种认识上的失败，需要一种认识上的解决方案。只要我们能够海岸个人的认知能力和我们集体的认知资源，我们就可以重新就与政治相关的事实（如果不是价值观的话）达成一致。我认为，这种认识论的方法并没有向我们展示全貌，因此错过了一种更基本的道德尊重形式，这种尊重是在一个分裂的社会中重新建立一个共同的合作基础所必需的。努力扎根于改善
Intractable political disagreements threaten to fracture the common ground upon which we can build a political community. The deepening divisions in society are partly fueled by the ways social media has shaped political engagement. Social media allows us to sort ourselves into increasingly likeminded groups, consume information from different sources, and end up in polarized and insular echo chambers. To solve this, many argue for various ways of cultivating more responsible epistemic agency. This chapter argues that this epistemic lens does not reveal the complete picture and therefore misses a form of moral respect required to reestablish cooperation across disagreements in a divided society. The breakdown of discourse online provides renewed reasons to draw out not an epistemic but a moral basis for political cooperation among diverse citizens—one inspired by Rawlsian political liberalism. We need ways to cultivate mutual respect for our fellow citizens in order to reestablish common moral ground for political debate. Contemporary political discourse often feels like a battleground between diametrically opposed worldviews. Today our intractable disagreements have surfaced in nasty ways, persistently threatening to fracture the very ground upon which we build political community. Complicating this broader disagreement on questions of morality are new challenges to agreement on basic facts about our world (Kappel 2017, 2018; SinnottArmstrong 2018). Much of this division is fueled by the new ways we access information, namely through digital means increasingly tailored to show us what we want to see. Social media allows us to sort ourselves into increasingly likeminded groups, who consume information from different sources, and end up in polarized and insular echo chambers of our own making. In response, many have called for new social media literacy campaigns, flagging questionable news sources, increased fact checking, and other ways to correct inaccuracies that spread online (Crowell 2017; Mosseri 2017; Breakstone et al. 2019; Tugend 2020). These approaches attempt to bridge political divides by improving our epistemic capacity to responsibly assess information online. Philosophers have also begun to weigh in on this issue, diagnosing the deeper epistemic failures that underlie intractable political disagreements and suggesting ways to correct them (Lynch 2016 and 2019; Rini 2017; Kappel 2017; Cassam 2019). What these approaches have in common is the idea that both the problem and the solution are grounded in epistemology: political disagreement online is an epistemic failure in need of an epistemic solution. If only we could shore up individuals’ epistemic capacities and our collective epistemic resources, we could return to agreeing on the facts, if not the values, relevant to politics. I will argue that this epistemic approach does not show us the complete picture and thus misses a more basic form of moral respect required for reestablishing a common ground for cooperation across disagreements in a divided society. Efforts rooted in improving
使用 Media Wiki 进行文档创建练习以及学习者面临的问题
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
情報処理学会第70回全国大会講演集 (電子媒体)
影响因子：
--
作者：
綱島広顕;藤田悠;鈴木治郎;鈴木治郎;鈴木治郎
通讯作者：
鈴木治郎